Virological outcomes of various first-line ART regimens in patients harbouring HIV-1 E157Q integrase polymorphism: a multicentre retrospective study.

Background: Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) are recommended as first-line ART for people living with HIV (PLWH) in most guidelines. The INSTI-resistance-associated mutation E157Q, a highly prevalent (2%-5%) polymorphism of the HIV-1 (human immunodeficiency virus type 1) integrase gene, has limited data on optimal first-line ART regimens. We assessed the virological outcomes of various first-line ART regimens in PLWH with E157Q in real-world settings.

Effects of a smartphone app-based diet and physical activity program for men living with HIV who have dyslipidemia: A pilot randomized controlled trial.

Aims: People living with HIV are at a high risk for cardiovascular disease owing to antiretroviral therapy use and chronic inflammation. There is limited evidence on the evaluation of serum lipid levels through lifestyle modification. This study aims to evaluate the effect of a smartphone application-based diet and exercise improvement program on men living with HIV and dyslipidemia.

Cryptococcal meningitis with atypical paradoxical inflammatory reactions after antifungal treatment in acquired immune deficiency syndrome: A case report.

Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is a life-threatening disease that primarily affects patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Antifungal therapy with antiretroviral treatment (ART) usually leads to the clinical remission of CM; however, in some cases, these treatments exacerbate intracranial inflammation because of paradoxical inflammatory reaction or immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). Here we report two CM cases that presented atypical clinical courses attributed to paradoxical inflammatory reactions.

The PRY/SPRY domain of pyrin/TRIM20 interacts with β-microglobulin to promote inflammasome formation.

Pyrin/TRIM20 is expressed in the neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages and regulates caspase-1 activation and interleukin-1β maturation. Although the mutations in the PRY/SPRY domain of pyrin cause familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), the mechanism of how mutated pyrin provokes excessive inflammation in FMF patients is not well understood. The present study investigated the role of pyrin/TRIM20 in inflammation and the pathogenesis of FMF.

Diagnosis and treatment of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in HIV-infected or non-HIV-infected patients-difficulties in diagnosis and adverse effects of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.

The clinical characteristics of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) in patients with immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (HIV-PCP) differ from those in patients without HIV infection (non-HIV-PCP). We analyzed 31 adult HIV-PCP cases and 44 non-HIV-PCP cases between 2008 and 2018. The symptomatic period before the diagnosis was shorter in non-HIV-PCP (5 [3-8] days vs.

Effect of adiponectin-encoding gene ADIPOQ single nucleotide polymorphisms +45 and +276 on serum lipid levels after antiretroviral therapy in Japanese patients with HIV-1-infection.

Objectives: To investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the adiponectin-encoding gene ADIPOQ and changes in serum lipid levels in HIV-1-infected patients after antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Methods: ART-naïve HIV-1-infected patients were recruited to this prospective analysis. SNP +45 and SNP +276 genotype was determined by direct sequencing.

Ultrasonography is a potent tool for the prediction of progressive joint destruction during clinical remission of rheumatoid arthritis.

Objectives: Although "clinical remission" has been a realistic goal of treatment in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), there is evidence that subclinical synovitis is associated with ongoing structural damage even after clinical remission is achieved. In the study reported here, we assessed whether ultrasonography (US) can predict progressive joint destruction during clinical remission of RA.

Methods: Thirty-one patients with RA in clinical remission based on the disease activity score in 28 joints were recruited for this study.

[Behçet's disease from the aspect of autoinflammatory disease].

Behçet's disease is a systemic inflammatory disease presented with recurrent oral aphtha, cutaneous manifestations, uveitis, and genital ulcer. The etiology of Behçet's disease is still unknown, but both genetic background and environmental factors are thought to be important in the pathogenesis of Behçet's disease. Behçet's disease has long been regarded as a Th1 type autoimmune disease, because of the association with HLA-B51 and hyperreactivity against streptococcal antigen.