Daily Self-Monitoring and Feedback of Circadian Rhythm Measures in Major Depression and Bipolar Disorder Using Wearable Devices and Smartphones-The Circadian Rhythm for Mood (CRM®) Trial Protocol: A Randomized Sham Controlled Double-Blind Trial.

The circadian rhythm for mood (CRM) is a digital therapeutic, which aims to prevent mood episode and improve clinical course in patients with major mood disorders. Developed on the circadian rhythm hypothesis of mood disorder, CRM predicts the impending risk of mood episode with its built-in algorithm, utilizing wearable devices data and daily self-reports, and provides personalized feedback. In a pilot study of the CRM, the users experienced less frequent and shorter duration of mood episodes than the non-users.

Moderating effect of shift work on sleep and depression in individuals at high risk of bipolar disorder.

Background: Social Zeitgeber Theory posits that disruptions in social rhythms can increase susceptibility to bipolar disorder (BD). Shift work (SW) is one of the external factors that cause instability in social rhythms and the sleep-wake cycle. This study evaluated the moderating influences of SW on the risks of BD and sleep-related parameters and depressive symptoms.

Shift schedules and circadian preferences: the association with sleep and mood.

Object: We explored the circadian preferences of non-shift workers (non-SWs) and various types of shift workers (SWs), and the associations of these preferences with sleep and mood.

Methods: In total, 4,561 SWs (2,419 women and 2,142 men aged 37.00 ± 9.

Brain structural correlates of subjective sleepiness and insomnia symptoms in shift workers.

Background: Studies on the brain structures of shift workers are limited; thus, this cross-sectional study aimed to compare the brain structures and the brain structural correlates of subjective sleepiness and insomnia symptoms between shift workers and non-shift workers.

Methods: Shift workers ( = 63) and non-shift workers ( = 58) completed questionnaires assessing subjective sleepiness and insomnia symptoms. Cortical thickness, cortical surface area, and subcortical volumes were measured by magnetic resonance imaging.

Effects of co-sleeping with a shift worker on sleep, mood and cognition.

Objective: Although the negative effects of shift work on workers' sleep and mood are well-known, the effects of shift work on their sleep partners' sleep and mood have rarely been investigated. The current study explored the effects of co-sleeping with a shift worker (SW) on the partner's subjective sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, depressive symptoms, and cognitive disturbances.

Methods: Online sleep and work-environment self-report questionnaires (e.

Sleep Reactivity and Sleep Efforts in Shift Workers.

Objective: The current study aimed to investigate the differences in sleep reactivity and sleep effort differs among late night shift workers (LSWs) and non-late night shift workers (non-LSWs), and non-shift workers (non-SWs).

Methods: In total, 6,023 participants (1,613 non-SWs, 3,339 LSWs, and 1,071 non-LSWs) were recruited. Non-SWs was defined as those who works at fixed schedules during standard daylight.

Circadian misalignment alters resting-state functional connectivity of the salience network in rotating shift workers.

Study Objectives: This study compared resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of the salience network (SN) between rotating shift workers (RSWs) and controls. Furthermore, we examined whether rsFC of the SN was correlated with sleep, emotion, cognition, and attention.

Methods: The 60 RSWs and 57 controls enrolled in this study completed self-report questionnaires and sleep diaries to assess subjective sleep quality, and polysomnography and actigraphy to evaluate objective sleep and 24-hour rest-activity rhythm parameters.

Fatigue and somatization in shift-workers: Effects of depression and sleep.

Objective: We investigated the differences in fatigue and somatization between shift and non-shift workers and explored the effects of sleep and depression on fatigue and somatization in shift workers.

Methods: In total, 4543 shift workers and 2089 non-shift workers completed self-reported questionnaires. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), and Somatization subscale of the Symptom Checklist 90-item version (SCL-SOM) were used to measure depression, sleep quality, fatigue, and somatization, respectively.

Sleep disturbances, depressive symptoms, and cognitive efficiency as determinants of mistakes at work in shift and non-shift workers.

Introduction: Shift work is known to reduce productivity and safety at work. Previous studies have suggested that a variety of interrelated factors, such as mood, cognition, and sleep, can affect the performance of shift workers. This study aimed to identify potential pathways from depression, sleep, and cognition to work performance in shift and non-shift workers.

Prediction of impending mood episode recurrence using real-time digital phenotypes in major depression and bipolar disorders in South Korea: a prospective nationwide cohort study.

Background: Mood disorders require consistent management of symptoms to prevent recurrences of mood episodes. Circadian rhythm (CR) disruption is a key symptom of mood disorders to be proactively managed to prevent mood episode recurrences. This study aims to predict impending mood episodes recurrences using digital phenotypes related to CR obtained from wearable devices and smartphones.

Neural activation underlying emotional interference of cognitive control in rotating shift workers: moderating effects of the prefrontal cortex response on the association between sleep disturbance and depressive symptoms.

Study Objectives: This study investigated the altered neural function involved in emotional interference and its role in linking sleep disturbance and depressive/anxiety symptoms in rotating shift workers.

Methods: Sixty rotating shift workers and 61 controls performed the emotional Stroop task in three blocks (emotional-related, sleep-related, and neutral words) during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) assessments. Sleep disturbance and depressive/anxiety symptoms were assessed using self-report measures and sleep diaries.

Association Between CLOCK Gene Variants and Restless Legs Syndrome in Koreans.

Objective: Previous studies have suggested various causes of restless legs syndrome (RLS), including iron and dopamine concentrations in the brain. Genetic influences have also been reported in many studies. There is also a possibility that circadian clock genes may be involved because symptoms of RLS worsen at night.

Neural correlates of emotional reactivity and regulation in traumatized North Korean refugees.

Refugees often report heightened emotional reactivity and emotion regulation difficulties and are at high risk for mental health problems. Given that refugees are repeatedly exposed to traumatic events that may cause changes in the brain, the present study examined neural correlates of emotional reactivity and regulation and their associations with refugee features (e.g.

Nightmares and alexithymia in traumatized North Korean refugees.

Background: The present study examined the association between nightmare distress and alexithymia in traumatized North Korean (NK) refugees resettled in South Korea and the effects of clinical or subclinical psychiatric symptoms on this association.

Methods: Thirty-eight NK refugees living in South Korea who had traumatic experiences (15 males, 23 females; 29.50 ± 13.

Life stress, sleep disturbance and depressive symptoms: The moderating role of prefrontal activation during emotion regulation.

Objectives: Evidence suggests that emotion regulation difficulty may play an important role in the association between life stress, sleep disturbance and depressive symptoms. We proposed two models depicting the possible moderating roles of prefrontal cortex activation during emotion regulation in the associations among these variables and tested them. We hypothesized that (1) the association between stress and sleep disturbance would differ across prefrontal cortex activation during emotion regulation (moderation model) and (2) the indirect effects of stress on depressive symptoms through sleep disturbance would depend on prefrontal cortex activation during emotion regulation (moderated mediation model).

Polysomnographic Sleep and Attentional Deficits in Traumatized North Korean Refugees.

Introduction: Attentional deficits and sleep problems are common in refugees who have experienced trauma. In the present study, we used polysomnography (PSG) to investigate the relationship between attentional deficits and objective measures of sleep structure in traumatized North Korean refugees.

Methods: We recruited 32 North Korean refugees (mean age = 33.

Bipolar II disorder has the highest prevalence of seasonal affective disorder in early-onset mood disorders: Results from a prospective observational cohort study.

Background: Many mood disorder patients experience seasonal changes in varying degrees. Studies on seasonality have shown that bipolar disorder has a higher prevalence rate in such patients; however, there is limited research on seasonality in early-onset mood disorder patients. This study estimated the prevalence of seasonality in early-onset mood disorder patients, and examined the association between seasonality and mood disorders.

Association of the Serotonin 2A Receptor rs6311 Polymorphism with Diurnal Preference in Koreans.

Objective: Evidence for the association between circadian rhythm delay and depression is accumulating. Genetic studies have shown that certain polymorphisms in circadian genes are potential genetic markers of diurnal preference. Along with circadian genes, there is a growing interest in other genetic effects on circadian rhythms.

Effects Of Early Trauma and Recent Stressors on Depression, Anxiety, and Anger.

Background: Early life traumatic events and recent stressful events are known to have especially strong effects on emotional wellbeing. However, little is known about the interaction of early and recent stressors on emotions. We aimed to examine the interactive effects of early trauma and recent stressors on depression, anxiety, and anger.

The Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Depressive Symptoms in North Korean Refugees.

Objective: Despite the growing need for psychological programs for North Korean refugees, most psychological interventions for these people lack a verification study that tests their effectiveness. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in North Korean refugees.

Methods: Participants included 38 North Korean refugees, of whom 23 participated in simple relaxation and 15 participated in CBT.