Effects of chewing exercises on the occlusal force and masseter muscle thickness in community-dwelling Koreans aged 65 years and older: A randomised assessor-blind trial.

Chewing exercises have been applied in clinical settings to improve the occlusal force and function of the masseter muscle in elderly individuals. However, the clinical relevance and effects of chewing exercises are unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of bilateral chewing exercises on the occlusal force and masseter muscle thickness in community-dwelling Koreans aged 65 years.

Small-Scale Biological and Artificial Multidimensional Sensors for 3D Sensing.

A vast majority of existing sub-millimeter-scale sensors have a planar, 2D geometry as a result of conventional top-down lithographic procedures. However, 2D sensors often suffer from restricted sensing capability, allowing only partial measurements of 3D quantities. Here, nano/microscale sensors with different geometric (1D, 2D, and 3D) configurations are reviewed to introduce their advantages and limitations when sensing changes in quantities in 3D space.

Simple fabrication of an antireflective hemispherical surface structure using a self-assembly method for the terahertz frequency range.

A hemispherical surface structure was fabricated on a sapphire substrate by utilizing a self-assembly and spin-coating process for a terahertz (THz) antireflection coating. The self-assembled glass spheres and spin-coated material led to a gradual change in the effective refractive index. The aspect ratio of the hemispherical surface structure was controlled easily by adjusting the thickness of the B-staged bisbenzocyclobutene used as a coating.

Broadband terahertz absorber realized by self-assembled multilayer glass spheres.

A broadband terahertz (THz) absorber consisting of multilayer glass spheres and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was realized. The multilayer glass spheres were deposited by repeating a self-assembly method used to form monolayer glass spheres and by the spin-coating of PDMS to fill the gaps between the glass spheres. The average reflection at the surface of the absorber was 0.