A Multicriteria Decision-Making Model for the Selection of Conventional/Hybrid Coagulants in Water Treatment.

Coagulation process is a well-known process that has been used in water treatment for many years. Coagulation process shows the treatment efficiency in terms of turbidity and suspended solids removal. However, despite all these good results, coagulant selection is not an easy task because a coagulant can effectively remove suspended solids but at the same time increase conductivity or coagulants can significantly increase chemical sludge production.

Halogenated By-Products in Chlorinated Indoor Swimming Pools: A Long-Term Monitoring and Empirical Modeling Study.

Monitoring the disinfection process and swimming pool water quality is essential for the prevention of microbial infections and associated diseases. However, carcinogenic and chronic-toxic disinfection by-products (DBPs) are formed with reactions between disinfectants and organic/inorganic matters. DBP precursors in swimming pools originate from anthropogenic sources (body secretions, personal care products, pharmaceuticals, etc.

Spatial/temporal distribution and multi-pathway cancer risk assessment of trihalomethanes in low TOC and high bromide groundwater.

This study aims (1) to determine the seasonal and spatial distribution of THMs formed in chlorinated groundwater containing low levels of organic matter (0.4-0.8 mg L) and low to high levels of bromine (40-380 μg L), and (2) to evaluate the multi-route cancer risks associated with them.

Impact of combining chlorine dioxide and chlorine on DBP formation in simulated indoor swimming pools.

The main objective of this study was to assess the combined use of chlorine dioxide (ClO) and chlorine (Cl) on the speciation and kinetics of disinfection by-product (DBP) formation in swimming pools using synthetic pool waters prepared with a body fluid analog (BFA) and/or fresh natural water. At 1:25 (mass ratio) of ClO to Cl, there was no significant reduction in the formation of trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) for both BFA solution and natural water compared to the application of Cl alone. When the mass ratio of ClO to Cl increased to 1:1, substantial decreases in both THMs and HAAs were observed in the natural water, while there was almost no change of DBP formations in the BFA solution.