Nutraceutical and flavor profiles in underutilized desert legumes of India: gene editing strategies towards sustainable food development.

Climate change has posed a challenge for food security all over the world in the form of fluctuating crop yields and novel disease outbreaks in plants. Human society's overdependence on a few food crops does not seem a wise precedence. There are numerous underutilized/orphan/neglected legumes growing in the Indian desert regions that can come to the rescue and act as balanced and sustainable sources of nutrients and health-benefitting nutraceuticals.

Unclasping potentials of genomics and gene editing in chickpea to fight climate change and global hunger threat.

Genomics and genome editing promise enormous opportunities for crop improvement and elementary research. Precise modification in the specific targeted location of a genome has profited over the unplanned insertional events which are generally accomplished employing unadventurous means of genetic modifications. The advent of new genome editing procedures viz; zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), homing endonucleases, transcription activator like effector nucleases (TALENs), Base Editors (BEs), and Primer Editors (PEs) enable molecular scientists to modulate gene expressions or create novel genes with high precision and efficiency.

Testing dental quality measures: Emergency department visits for nontraumatic dental conditions and subsequent follow-up dental visits.

Background: The goal of this study was to test the feasibility, reliability, and validity of the Dental Quality Alliance's adult dental quality measures for system-level implementation for ambulatory care sensitive (ACS) emergency department (ED) visits for nontraumatic dental conditions (NTDCs) in adults and follow-up after ED visits for NTDCs in adults.

Methods: Medicaid enrollment and claims data from Oregon and Iowa were used for measure testing. Testing included validation of diagnosis codes in claims data through patient record reviews of ED visits and calculations of κ statistic, sensitivity, and specificity.

Launching an innovative educational model addressing substance use disorders and dental pain management (Project ECHO® in dentistry).

Background: Uninformed opioid prescribing by dentists has contributed to the current opioid crisis. This report describes the development and implementation of an innovative, interactive, multidisciplinary, and participant-centric telementoring program "Pain Management and Substance Use Disorders Dental ECHO (Extension for Community Health Care Outcomes)". We disseminated information to dentists about appropriate opioid prescribing practices and engaged them with a focus on pain management and substance use disorders.

Neighborhood Exposures and Blood Pressure Outcomes: A Cross-Sectional Environmental Study among 19-53 Years-Old Parsis in Mumbai.

The correlation between high blood pressure (BP) and urban neighborhood-level environmental determinants is understudied in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We hypothesized that neighborhoods constitute exposures that affect resident-behaviors, metabolism and increased susceptibility to high BP. We studied urban clusters of Mumbai-Parsis (Zoroastrians), a founder population group, to minimize genetic variation and maximize exposure assessment.

Accuracy of Presurgical Limited Field of View Cone-beam Computed Tomography in Predicting Intraoperative Buccal Cortical Bone.

Introduction: Limited field of view cone-beam computed tomography (LFOV CBCT) is the primary imaging modality recommended for treatment planning before endodontic microsurgery (EMS). Persistent apical periodontitis, often treated with EMS, results in changes in the buccal cortical plate that may detrimentally impact prognosis. The accuracy of a preoperative LFOV CBCT to predict intraoperative findings is unclear.

Tooth wear in patients treated with HIV anti-retroviral therapy.

Background: The objective of this study was to elucidate the relationship between HIV anti-retroviral therapy and tooth wear.

Methods: Assessment of tooth wear was conducted both with a survey questionnaire and clinical assessment at Russell Street Dental Clinic in Portland, Oregon. The survey questionnaire comprised of questions on study participant's gender, age, HIV status, current medications, awareness of tooth grinding or clenching, jaw soreness, tooth or gum soreness, and frequency of headaches.

An In Vivo and Cone Beam Computed Tomography Investigation of the Accuracy in Measuring Alveolar Bone Height and Detecting Dehiscence and Fenestration Defects.

Purpose: To investigate cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) accuracy in measuring facial bone height and detecting dehiscence and fenestration defects around teeth.

Materials And Methods: Patients who were treatment planned for periodontal flap or dental implant surgeries were enrolled (n = 25). CBCT imaging (Carestream CS 9300) was obtained at 0.

Dental Student to Patient Communication Analysis: A Pilot Study.

It is very crucial that dental students who comprise our future dental workforce are adequately trained in communication skills. This training is especially important because of the increasing population of English as Second Language (ESL) patients in our community health centers, dental offices, and dental schools. The objective of this exploratory pilot study was to analyze dental student conversations about patient treatment plans to native English and ESL patients.

Interobserver Variation in Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors 1.1.

Purpose: Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST 1.1) is the gold standard for imaging response evaluation in cancer trials. We sought to evaluate consistency of applying RECIST 1.

Oral health needs, dental care utilization, and quality of life perceptions among Oregonian seniors.

Background: For a relevant planning process and advocate for improvement in oral health conditions of the senior population up-to-date data are necessary. The objective of this study was to assess the oral health status, dental care utilization and quality of life perceptions of seniors in Clackamas County in Oregon.

Methods: Data were collected in a cross-sectional study on institutionalized and community dwelling older adults where participants completed a self-reported oral health survey, the short-form Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14 questionnaire) and had clinical screenings.

Incidence, short-term outcome, and spatial distribution of stroke patients in Ludhiana, India.

Objective: To estimate the incidence, short-term outcome, and spatial distribution of stroke patients and to evaluate the completeness of case ascertainment in Ludhiana.

Methods: This population-based prospective cohort study was conducted in Ludhiana, Punjab, Northwest India. All first-ever stroke patients (≥18 years) were included between March 2010 and March 2013 using WHO Stepwise Approach Surveillance methodology from the city.

Bilateral congenital absence of flexor pollicis longus with thumb hypoplasia and thenar atrophy.

Congenital absence of flexor pollicis longus with or without associated anomalies of thenar muscles and thumb is of rare occurrence. Inability to flex the interphalangeal joint of the thumb and absent dorsal wrinkles and flexion creases of the thumb are important clues to the diagnosis. Routine radiography and cross-sectional imaging help to confirm and document the condition.

Attenuation of quorum sensing controlled virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by cranberry.

Background & Objectives: Emergence of antimicrobial resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa has led to the search for alternative agents for infections control. Natural products have been a good alternative to present antibiotics. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of cranberry in attenuation of virulence of P.

Human rights-based approach to tobacco control.

The Framework Convention for Tobacco Control (FCTC) is currently the most potent tool for implementation of tobacco control laws across the globe. The FCTC is derivative from previously constructed international human rights conventions. These previous conventions have enforcement mechanisms, unlike the FCTC.

Robust control approach to force estimation in a constant position optical tweezers.

Feedback enhanced optical tweezers with position regulation capability enable detection and estimation of forces in the pico-Newton regime. In this article we delineate the fundamental limitations and challenges of existing approaches for regulating position and force estimation in an optical tweezer. A modern control systems approach is shown to improve the bandwidth of force estimation by three to four times which is corroborated experimentally.

Nutritional, microbial and organoleptic qualities of fish patties prepared from carp (Cyprinus carpio Linn.) of three weight groups.

Fish patty from common carp (Cyprinus carpio Linn.) which has low consumer preference due to the presence of intramuscular spines was developed and the effects of fish weight and the type of extender on product quality were determined. Six different types of fish patties were prepared by using the fish belonging to 3 weight groups (250-500 g, 501-750 g, and 751-1,000 g) and using 2 extenders (boiled potato and corn flour).

Electrical characteristics of PbSe nanoparticle/Si heterojunctions.

I-V characteristics of PbSe nanoparticle/single crystal Si heterojunctions prepared by chemical bath deposition method show a rectifying behavior. With decrease in average PbSe grain size between 72 nm and 9 nm currents decrease for forward and reverse bias. C-V characteristics indicate that the junctions transform into that of a metal insulator semiconductor (MIS) as the PbSe nanoparticle size decreases from 72 nm to 9 nm.

Some quality aspects of fish patties prepared from an Indian major carp, Labeo rohita (Ham.).

Six different types of fish patties were prepared from de-boned meat of three weight groups (250 500 g, 501-750 g, and 751-1,000 g) of an Indian major carp, Labeo rohita, using two extenders (boiled potato and corn flour). The weight of the fish and the type of the extender affected the nutritional quality of the patties. Cooking lowered the crude protein but increased the total lipid, total soluble sugars, and contents of the patties.

Influence of adsorption and diffusion rates on the growth of Pb1-x Fex S nanoparticle films.

We study the effect of adsorption rate on the particle size distribution in solution-grown ternary Pb1-x Fex S nanoparticle films. Computer simulations of a stochastic lattice model with adsorption and mass dependent diffusion have been performed to mimic the underlying mechanism of particle growth. The experimental as well as numerical data exhibit identical scaling with respect to the incident flux rate.

Aquacultural and socio-economic aspects of processing carps into some value-added products.

Carps are the mainstay of Indian aquaculture, contributing over 90% to the total fish production, which was estimated to be 1.77 million metric tonnes in 1996. Carp culture has a great potential for waste utilization and thus for pollution abatement.

Clinical utility of human polymerized hemoglobin as a blood substitute after acute trauma and urgent surgery.

We have previously documented the safety of 1 unit (50 gram) of human polymerized hemoglobin (Poly SFH-P) in healthy volunteers. This report describes the first patient trial to assess the therapeutic benefit of Poly SFH-P in acute blood loss. Thirty-nine patients received 1 (n = 14), 2 (n = 2), 3 (n = 15), or 6 (n = 8) units of Poly SFH-P instead of red cells as part of their blood replacement after trauma and urgent surgery.

The development of hemoglobin solutions as red cell substitutes: hemoglobin solutions.

Although the efficacy of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers was established more than 60 years ago, all prior clinical trials have demonstrated significant toxicity characterized by renal dysfunction, gastrointestinal distress, and systemic vasoconstriction. The mechanisms of these toxicities now appear to be understood. Tetrameric forms of the hemoglobin molecule extravasate from the circulation and interact with endothelial derived relaxing factor, leading to unopposed vasoconstriction.

Hypovolemic shock.

This article defines a rational approach to the treatment of hemorrhagic shock. All patients that are hypovolemic following hemorrhage require fluid resuscitation. Some patients require red cell restoration and very few require correction of any clotting deficiencies.