Electron-Beam-Induced Negative Differential Transconductance Homojunction Device Based on van der Waals Materials for Functionally Complete Ternary Computing.

Negative differential transconductance (NDT) devices have emerged as promising candidates for multivalued logic computing, and particularly for ternary logic systems. To enable computation of any ternary operation, it is essential to have a functionally complete set of ternary logic gates, which remains unrealized with current NDT technologies, posing a critical limitation for higher-level circuit design. Additionally, NDT devices typically rely on heterojunctions, complicating fabrication and impacting reliability due to the introduction of additional materials and interfaces.

Ionic Covalent Organic Frameworks Consisting of Tetraborate Nodes and Flexible Linkers.

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as versatile materials with many applications, such as carbon capture, molecular separation, catalysis, and energy storage. Traditionally, flexible building blocks have been avoided due to their potential to disrupt ordered structures. Recent studies have demonstrated the intriguing properties and enhanced structural diversity achievable with flexible components by judicious selection of building blocks.

Effect of Heat-Treated nF1 on the Immune System Including Natural Killer Cell Activity: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Study.

Heat-treated nF1 (HT-nF1) increases immune cell activation and the production of various immunomodulators (e.g., interleukin (IL)-12) as well as immunoglobulin (Ig) G, which plays an important role in humoral immunity, and IgA, which activates mucosal immunity.

The nuclear effector MoHTR3 of Magnaporthe oryzae modulates host defence signalling in the biotrophic stage of rice infection.

Fungal effectors play a pivotal role in suppressing the host defence system, and their evolution is highly dynamic. By comparative sequence analysis of plant-pathogenic fungi and Magnaporthe oryzae, we identified the small secreted C H zinc finger protein MoHTR3. MoHTR3 exhibited high conservation in M.

Transcriptomic Analysis of the Effect of Metformin against Cisplatin-Induced Ototoxicity: A Potential Mechanism of Metformin-Mediated Inhibition of Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein (Txnip) Gene Expression.

Ototoxicity is the drug-induced damage of the inner ear, causing bilateral irreversible sensorineural hearing loss. Cisplatin is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent which causes ototoxicity as its side effect. Pretreatment with metformin prior to the application of cisplatin significantly decreased the late apoptosis and attenuated the cisplatin-induced increase in ROS.

Characterization of the MYB Genes Reveals Insights Into Their Evolutionary Conservation, Structural Diversity, and Functional Roles in .

The myeloblastosis (MYB) transcription factor family is evolutionarily conserved among plants, animals, and fungi, and contributes to their growth and development. We identified and analyzed 10 putative MYB genes in () and determined their phylogenetic relationships, revealing high divergence and variability. Although MYB domains are generally defined by three tandem repeats, MoMYBs contain one or two weakly conserved repeats embedded in extensive disordered regions.

Modified Molecular Chain Displacement Analysis Employing Electro-Mechanical Threshold Energy Condition for Direct Current Breakdown of Low-Density Polyethylene.

In an HVDC environment, space charge accumulated in polymeric insulators causes severe electric field distortion and degradation of breakdown strength. To analyze the breakdown characteristics, here, the space charge distribution was numerically evaluated using the bipolar charge transport (BCT) model, considering the temperature gradient inside the polymeric insulator. In particular, we proposed an electro-mechanical threshold energy condition, resulting in the modified molecular chain displacement model.

Stimulus-Responsive Contact Lens for IOP Measurement or Temperature-Triggered Drug Release.

Purpose: Continuous monitoring of elevated intraocular pressure and timely drug delivery for successful treatment of glaucoma are necessary to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP), which shows wide variations across the circadian pattern and in response to medication. This in vivo study presents a new contact lens-based method of optical IOP measurement or temperature-triggered drug elution.

Methods: A contact lens with moiré patterns of concentric circles measures the changes in eyeball diameter of a rabbit glaucoma model due to changes in IOP by superimposing a camera-captured image onto the micro pattern of the contact lens with a computer-assisted virtual reference image.

A Truxenone-based Covalent Organic Framework as an All-Solid-State Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode with High Capacity.

All-solid-state lithium ion batteries (LIBs) are ideal for energy storage given their safety and long-term stability. However, there is a limited availability of viable electrode active materials. Herein, we report a truxenone-based covalent organic framework (COF-TRO) as cathode materials for all-solid-state LIBs.

Crystalline Lithium Imidazolate Covalent Organic Frameworks with High Li-Ion Conductivity.

Ionic covalent organic frameworks (ICOFs) have recently emerged as promising candidates for solid-state electrolytes. Herein, we report the first example of a series of crystalline imidazolate-containing ICOFs as single-ion conducting COF solid electrolyte materials, where lithium cations freely travel through the intrinsic channels with outstanding ion conductivity (up to 7.2 × 10 S cm) and impressively low activation energy (as low as 0.

Thermo-sensitive nanogel-laden bicontinuous microemulsion drug-eluting contact lenses.

The bicontinuous microemulsion contact lens (BMCL) has nanoporous biphasic structures (100-250 nm) that are interconnected via multiple nano-channels, providing suitable retention of various drugs for glaucoma. Timolol maleate (TM)-carried thermosensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) nanogel (30-50 nm) was incorporated into BMCLs by soaking or by centrifuging plus soaking. Here, we present drug-loading and release in silicon- or polyethylene oxide-microemulsion BMCLs under various conditions.

Characterization of brewing microorganisms isolated from Korean traditional for production.

The objective of this study was to select and identify yeasts and molds isolated from traditional and to investigate their brewing characteristics for production. The yeast strains Y190 (Accession ID-KACC 93251P), Y263 (Accession ID-KACC 93252P), and Y270 (Accession ID-KACC 93253P) showing high alcohol and flavor productivity were isolated and identified by phylogenetic inference based on an internal transcribed spacer 2 region sequence analysis. In addition, 83-10 (Accession ID-KACC 93254P) showing the highest enzyme activity was isolated.

Anti-Flt1 peptide and cyanine-conjugated gold nanoparticles for the concurrent antiangiogenic and endothelial cell proton treatment.

Anti-Flt1 peptide of GNQWFI binds to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1 or Flt1) and prevents binding of VEGF, inhibiting VEGFR1-mediated endothelial cell migration and tube formation. Bare gold nanoparticle (AuNP) was known to have anti-angiogenic properties by specific binding with VEGF. In this study, anti-Flt1 peptide (GGNQWFI) and cyanine were chemically conjugated to AuNPs (Flt1@AuNP-cyanine 5.

Operando X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of solid electrolyte interphase formation and evolution in LiS-PS solid-state electrolytes.

Solid-state electrolytes such as LiS-PS compounds are promising materials that could enable Li metal anodes. However, many solid-state electrolytes are unstable against metallic lithium, and little is known about the chemical evolution of these interfaces during cycling, hindering the rational design of these materials. In this work, operando X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and real-time in situ Auger electron spectroscopy mapping are developed to probe the formation and evolution of the Li/LiS-PS solid-electrolyte interphase during electrochemical cycling, and to measure individual overpotentials associated with specific interphase constituents.

Intravitreal implantable magnetic micropump for on-demand VEGFR-targeted drug delivery.

In this paper, we propose an intravitreal implantable magnetic micropump integrated with micro check valve capable of on-demand vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-targeted drug delivery for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy and other eye pathologies characterized by ocular neoangiogenesis. Precise on-demand drug release is realized by the deflection of the magnetic membrane assembly according to the external magnetic field, and the membrane assembly consists of a thin elastic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane and a cylindrical magnetic nanoparticle-PDMS composite block. Additionally, a micro check valve composed of two PDMS layers was integrated into the micropump to realize a diode-like one-directional drug delivery and prevent undesired drug diffusion.

Effect of electronic cigarettes on human middle ear.

Objective: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are the most commonly used electronic nicotine delivery systems and are a relatively new product designed for smoking cessation. The market scale of electronic cigarettes is growing rapidly, but the potential impact of e-cigarettes on public health has not yet been verified. In this study, we examined the effect of e-liquids on a human middle ear epithelial cell (HMEEC) line.

Feasibility Study on a Segmented Ferrofluid Flow Linear Generator for Increasing the Time-Varying Magnetic Flux.

Nanoparticles and nanofluids have been implemented in energy harvesting devices, and energy harvesting based on magnetic nanofluid flow was recently achieved by using a layer-built magnet and micro-bubble injection to induce a voltage on the order of 10-1 mV. However, this is not yet suitable for some commercial purpose. In order to further increase the amount of electric voltage and current from this energy harvesting the air bubbles must be segmented in the base fluid, and the magnetic flux of the segmented flow should be materially altered over time.

Tailored Organic Electrode Material Compatible with Sulfide Electrolyte for Stable All-Solid-State Sodium Batteries.

All-solid-state sodium batteries (ASSSBs) with nonflammable electrolytes and ubiquitous sodium resource are a promising solution to the safety and cost concerns for lithium-ion batteries. However, the intrinsic mismatch between low anodic decomposition potential of superionic sulfide electrolytes and high operating potentials of sodium-ion cathodes leads to a volatile cathode-electrolyte interface and undesirable cell performance. Here we report a high-capacity organic cathode, Na C O , that is chemically and electrochemically compatible with sulfide electrolytes.

Wrinkle-free graphene electrodes in zinc tin oxide thin-film transistors for large area applications.

Wrinkle-free graphene was used to form the source-drain electrodes in thin film transistors based on a zinc tin oxide (ZTO) semiconductor. A 10 nm thick titanium adhesion layer was applied prior to transferring a conductive graphene film on top of it by chemical detachment. The formation of an interlayer oxide between titanium and graphene allows the achievement of uniform surface roughness over the entire substrate area.

In Situ Engineering of the Electrode-Electrolyte Interface for Stabilized Overlithiated Cathodes.

The first-ever demonstration of stabilized Si/lithium-manganese-rich full cells, capable of retaining >90% energy over early cycling and >90% capacity over more than 750 cycles at the 1C rate (100% depth-of-discharge), is made through the utilization of a modified ionic-liquid electrolyte capable of forming a favorable cathode-electrolyte interface.

Controlled Growth of Nanostructured Biotemplates with Cobalt and Nitrogen Codoping as a Binderless Lithium-Ion Battery Anode.

Biomass can serve as a sustainable template for the synthesis of carbon materials but is limited by the intrinsic properties of the precursor organism. In this study we demonstrate that the properties of a fungal biotemplate can be tuned during cultivation, establishing a new electrode manufacturing process and ultimately improving the electrochemical performance of the biomass-derived electrode. More specifically, the carbon/nitrogen ratio of Neurospora crassa mycelia mats was shifted by 5-fold while generating cobalt nanoparticles into the hyphal structure originating from macroconidia spores.

Ionic Covalent Organic Frameworks with Spiroborate Linkage.

A novel type of ionic covalent organic framework (ICOF), which contains sp(3)  hybridized boron anionic centers and tunable countercations, was constructed by formation of spiroborate linkages. These ICOFs exhibit high BET surface areas up to 1259 m(2)  g(-1) and adsorb a significant amount of H2 (up to 3.11 wt %, 77 K, 1 bar) and CH4 (up to 4.

Optimized Silicon Electrode Architecture, Interface, and Microgeometry for Next-Generation Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Optimized performance of silicon-ionic- liquid lithium-ion batteries through the implementation of a new electrode-microgeometry. The incorporation of 1D silicon nanowires into the cyclized-polyacrylonitrile-based electrode-architecture allows for greatly improved active material utilization, higher rate capabilities, and reduced interfacial reactions.

Ultra-thin Solid-State Li-Ion Electrolyte Membrane Facilitated by a Self-Healing Polymer Matrix.

Thin solid membranes are formed by a new strategy, whereby an in situ derived self-healing polymer matrix that penetrates the void space of an inorganic solid is created. The concept is applied as a separator in an all-solid-state battery with an FeS2 -based cathode and achieves tremendous performance for over 200 cycles. Processing in dry conditions represents a paradigm shift for incorporating high active-material mass loadings into mixed-matrix membranes.

Doped Si nanoparticles with conformal carbon coating and cyclized-polyacrylonitrile network as high-capacity and high-rate lithium-ion battery anodes.

Doped Si nanoparticles (SiNPs) with conformal carbon coating and cyclized-polyacrylonitrile (PAN) network displayed capacities of 3500 and 3000 mAh g(-1) at C/20 and C/10, respectively. At 1 C, the electrode preserves a specific discharge capacity of ∼1500 mAh g(-1) for at least 60 cycles without decay. Al2O3 atomic layer deposition (ALD) helps improve the initial Coulombic efficiency (CE) to 85%.