Biochemical analysis of Hyalomma dromedarii salivary glands and gut tissues using SR-FTIR micro-spectroscopy.

Ticks are obligatory voracious blood feeders infesting diverse vertebrate hosts, that have a crucial role in the transmission of diverse pathogens that threaten human and animal health. The continuous emergence of tick-borne diseases due to combined worldwide climatic changes, human activities, and acaricide-resistant tick strains, necessitates the development of novel ameliorative tick control strategies such as vaccines. The synchrotron-based Fourier transform infrared micro-spectroscopy (SR-FTIR) is a bioanalytical microprobe capable of exploring the molecular chemistry within microstructures at a cellular or subcellular level and is considered as a nondestructive analytical approach for biological specimens.

Emergent and Neglected Equine Filariosis in Egypt: Species Diversity and Host Immune Response.

Equine filariosis (EF) is a neglected vector-borne disease caused by nematode species belonging to the Onchocercidae and Setariidae families. Aside from their zoonotic potential, some species are responsible for serious health problems in equids worldwide, leading to significant economic difficulties. Here, we molecularly investigated equine blood samples (320 horses and 109 donkeys from Egypt) and four adult worms isolated from the peritoneal cavity of 5 out of the 94 slaughtered donkeys.

Fundamental Tick Vaccinomic Approach to Evade Host Autoimmune Reaction.

Ticks are obligate hematophagous ectoparasites that infect domestic animals, humans, and wildlife. Ticks can transmit a wide range of pathogens (viruses, rickettsia, bacteria, parasites, etc.), and some of those are of zoonotic importance.

Copro-microscopical and immunological diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis in Egyptian buffalo-calves with special reference to their cytokine profiles.

Cryptosporidiosis is considered to be one of the most devasting gastrointestinal diseases in calves. The aim of this study was to investigate infection () in buffalo-calves with both copro-microscopic examination and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using two prepared antigens with regards to their cytokines profile; interferon- γ (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-14 to achieve a proper diagnosis. All collected buffalo- calves' fecal samples were examined by modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique.

Cell-mediated and humoral immune profile to hydatidosis among naturally infected farm animals.

Background And Aim: Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a widespread parasitic disease caused by tapeworm infect different intermediate hosts including sheep, cattle, and camels. The intermediate host's immune response to the hydatid cyst is still conflict and complex. The current study was designed to evaluate the immune response in sera of hydatid naturally infected sheep, cattle, and camels in the form of features of inflammatory cell infiltrations, levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokines, besides the humoral specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses.

Immunity to gastrointestinal nematodes in ruminants: effector cell mechanisms and cytokines.

Gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) of ruminants are prevalent and have major economic impacts worldwide. The insight studies of immune responses triggered against GINs are of great concern to understand interaction between host's immune system and parasite. T-helper 2 cytokines drive the effector cell mechanisms which include eosinophils and mast cells.

Efficacy of glutathione-S-transferase purified antigen of the gastro-intestinal nematode in diagnosis of sheep haemonchosis.

is one of the most pathogenic and economically important parasites of sheep. Different antigens; crude somatic antigen (CSA), excretory/secretory antigen (ESA), crude larval antigen (CLA), glutathione-S-transferase antigen (GST) and recombinant protein (rhcp 26/23) were prepared and characterized using sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and western blot. The antigens were immunologically evaluated through indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for diagnosis of haemonchosis in experimentally and naturally infected sheep.

Evaluation of different antigens for diagnosis of sheep haemonchosis by ELISA and their cross reactivity with other helminthes.

() remains important nematode that infecting sheep all over the world. Truthful diagnosis of haemonchosis needs reliable Enzyme linked immune sorbent assay test as well as the immuno-reactive protein profile of different prepared antigens; larval (L), excretory secretory product (ESP) and adult somatic (AS). The current study fulfilled that L antigen is the talented antigen for such serological diagnosis.

Evaluation of crude larval protein and recombinant somatic protein 26/23 (rHcp26/23) immunization against in sheep.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential possibility of crude larval and recombinant (rHcp26/23) antigens of for immunization to control sheep hemonchosis.

Materials And Methods: A total of 21 lambs were divided into five groups. Lambs were immunized with larval and recombinant (rHcp26/23) proteins at day 0 and day 14 and after that challenged with 5000 infective larvae of on day 42.

Th1/Th2 balance and humoral immune response to potential antigens as early diagnostic method of equine nematode infection.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the early diagnosis of strongyle infection based on early changes in Th1 and Th2 cytokines beside the diagnostic accuracy values and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and western blotting profiles using prepared strongyles antigens.

Materials And Methods: A total of 73 donkeys had a mean age of 4-32 years old were parasitologically examined for strongyle infection. The early changes in Th1 and Th2 cytokines were determined, and the diagnostic accuracy values and SDS-PAGE and western blotting profiles were performed using prepared strongyles antigens; crude somatic (CSS), excretory-secretory (ESS), crude somatic (CSC), and excretory-secretory (ESC).

Serological and molecular diagnostic surveys combined with examining hematological profiles suggests increased levels of infection and hematological response of cattle to babesiosis infections compared to native buffaloes in Egypt.

Background: Babesiosis threatens the development of the cattle and buffaloes industries in Egypt and improved control is needed. The main objectives of this study are surveying the presence of bovine babesiosis in distinct selected bovine and buffalo populations in Egypt using novel molecular and previously validated serological methods, while also comparing the occurrence of hematological alterations among Babesia infected cattle and buffalos.

Methods: A total of 253 and 81 blood samples from apparently healthy cattle and buffaloes, respectively, were randomly collected from diverse locations in Egypt.