Injectable systems of chitosan in situ forming composite gel incorporating linezolid-loaded biodegradable nanoparticles for long-term treatment of bone infections.

The objective of the current study was to create an efficient, minimally invasive combined system comprising in situ forming hydrogel loaded with both spray-dried polymeric nanoparticles encapsulating linezolid and nanohydroxyapatite for local injection to bones or their close vicinity. The developed system was designed for a dual function namely releasing the drug in a sustained manner for long-term treatment of bone infections and supporting bone proliferation and new tissues generation. To achieve these objectives, two release sustainment systems for linezolid were optimized namely a composite in situ forming chitosan hydrogel and spray-dried PLGA/PLA solid nanoparticles.

Augmented in vitro and in vivo Profiles of Brimonidine Tartrate Using Gelatinized-Core Liposomes.

Background: The low entrapment efficiency of the hydrophilic drugs such as brimonidine tartrate (BRT) in liposomes represents a challenge that requires interventions. Gelatinized core liposomes (GCLs) were fabricated to increase the drug entrapment, corneal penetration, and physical stability of the investigated molecule.

Research Design And Methods: GCLs encapsulating BRT were prepared and optimized utilizing D-optimal design (DOD).

Functionalized chitosan nanoparticles for cutaneous delivery of a skin whitening agent: an approach to clinically augment the therapeutic efficacy for melasma treatment.

The increase in the production of melanin level inside the skin prompts a patient-inconvenient skin color disorder namely; melasma. This arouses the need to develop efficacious treatment modalities, among which are topical nano-delivery systems. This study aimed to formulate functionalized chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) in gel form for enhanced topical delivery of alpha-arbutin as a skin whitening agent to treat melasma.

Recent advances in the local antibiotics delivery systems for management of osteomyelitis.

Chronic osteomyelitis is a challenging disease due to its serious rates of mortality and morbidity while the currently available treatment strategies are suboptimal. In contrast to the adopted systemic treatment approaches after surgical debridement in chronic osteomyelitis, local drug delivery systems are receiving great attention in the recent decades. Local drug delivery systems using special carriers have the pros of enhancing the feasibility of penetration of antimicrobial agents to bone tissues, providing sustained release and localized concentrations of the antimicrobial agents in the infected area while avoiding the systemic side effects and toxicity.

Glaucoma: Management and Future Perspectives for Nanotechnology-Based Treatment Modalities.

Glaucoma, being asymptomatic for relatively late stage, is recognized as a worldwide cause of irreversible vision loss. The eye is an impervious organ that exhibits natural anatomical and physiological barriers which renders the design of an efficient ocular delivery system a formidable task and challenge scientists to find alternative formulation approaches. In the field of glaucoma treatment, smart delivery systems for targeting have aroused interest in the topical ocular delivery field owing to its potentiality to oppress many treatment challenges associated with many of glaucoma types.

Eudragit-S100 Coated PLGA Nanoparticles for Colon Targeting of Etoricoxib: Optimization and Pharmacokinetic Assessments in Healthy Human Volunteers.

Aim: Etoricoxib is a selective inhibitor of COX-2 enzyme. It is proposed as a potent anti-inflammatory drug intended for the control of irritable bowel syndrome. The current work aimed at developing etoricoxib-loaded nanoparticles for colon- targeting.

In-situ forming chitosan implant-loaded with raloxifene hydrochloride and bioactive glass nanoparticles for treatment of bone injuries: Formulation and biological evaluation in animal model.

In-situ forming implants receive great attention for repairing serious bone injuries. The aim of the present study was to prepare novel chitosan in-situ forming implants (CIFI) loaded with bioactive glass nanoparticles and/or raloxifene hydrochloride (RLX). Incorporating raloxifene hydrochloride (RLX) as a selective estrogen receptor modulator was essential to make use of its anti-resorptive properties.

Long lasting in-situ forming implant loaded with raloxifene HCl: An injectable delivery system for treatment of bone injuries.

Bone injury is very serious in elder people or osteoporotic patients. In-situ forming implants (IFI) for bone rebuilding are usually poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA)-based, which have a burst release effect. This study aimed to prepare novel liquid lipid-based PLGA-IFI loaded with raloxifene hydrochloride for prolonged non-surgical treatment of bone injuries by applying solvent-induced phase inversion technique.

Colloidal (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate vesicular systems for prevention and treatment of skin cancer: A comprehensive experimental study with preclinical investigation.

Skin carcinogenesis is a common malignancy affecting humans worldwide, which could benefit from nutraceuticals as a solution to the drawbacks of conventional skin cancer treatment. (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a promising nutraceutical in this regard; however, it suffers chemical instability and low bioavailability resulting in inefficient delivery. Therefore, EGCG encapsulation in ultradeformable colloidal vesicular systems, namely: penetration enhancer-containing vesicles (PEVs), ethosomes and transethosomes (TEs) for topical administration has been attempted in this study to overcome the problems associated with the use of free EGCG.

Clinical cosmeceutical repurposing of melatonin in androgenic alopecia using nanostructured lipid carriers prepared with antioxidant oils.

Background: The present work aims to formulate nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) exhibiting high skin deposition and high inherent antioxidant potential to repurpose the use of melatonin hormone and some antioxidant oils in the treatment of androgenic alopecia (AGA).

Research Design And Methods: NLCs were characterized for their size, charge, drug entrapment, anti-oxidant potential, physical stability, in vitro release, surface morphology, and ex-vivo skin deposition. Their merits were clinically tested on patients suffering from AGA by calculating the degree of improvement, conduction of hair pull test, histometric assessment, and dermoscopic evaluation.

Melatonin vitamin C-based nanovesicles for treatment of androgenic alopecia: Design, characterization and clinical appraisal.

The present study aimed to develop vitamin C based nanovesicles (aspasomes) loaded with the antioxidant melatonin, as a novel cosmeceutical to be used for clinical treatment of androgenic alopecia (AGA). Aspasomes were assessed regarding their particle size, charge, drug entrapment, anti-oxidant potential, physical stability, in vitro release, surface morphology, and ex-vivo skin deposition. Clinically, melatonin aspasomes were tested on AGA patients, and assessed by evaluating the degree of improvement through conduction of hair pull test, histometric analysis and dermoscopic evaluation.

Recent Advances in Antioxidant Cosmeceutical Topical Delivery.

Antioxidants are among the most important cosmeceuticals, with proven ability of inhibiting cellular damage. The topical skin administration of antioxidants is essential for minimizing skin aging and achieving better skin protection against harmful free radicals. However, their unfavorable physiochemical properties such as chemical instability, excessive hydrophilicity or lipophilicity and others could be a great obstacle against their skin promising effects as well as their delivery to deeper skin layers.

Studying the influence of formulation and process variables on Vancomycin-loaded polymeric nanoparticles as potential carrier for enhanced ophthalmic delivery.

Ocular topically applied Vancomycin (VCM) suffers poor bioavailability due to its high molecular weight and hydrophilicity. In the present investigation, VCM-loaded polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) were developed aiming to enhance its ocular bioavailability through prolonging its release pattern and ophthalmic residence. PNPs were prepared utilizing double emulsion (W/O/O), solvent evaporation technique.

Nanoparticles as tool for enhanced ophthalmic delivery of vancomycin: a multidistrict-based microbiological study, solid lipid nanoparticles formulation and evaluation.

Context: A microbiological multidistrict-based survey from different Egyptian governorates was conducted to determine the most prevalent causative agents of ocular infections in the Egyptian population. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was then performed to identify the most potent antimicrobial agent. Vancomycin (VCM) proved the highest activity against gram-positive Staphylococcus bacteria, which are the most commonly isolated causative agents of ocular infection.

Nanostructured lipid carriers as semisolid topical delivery formulations for diflucortolone valerate.

Context: Topical treatment of skin disease needs to be strategic to ensure high drug concentration in the skin with minimum systemic absorption.

Objective: The aim of this study was to produce semisolid nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) formulations, for topical delivery of the corticosteroid drug, diflucortolone valerate (DFV), with minimum systemic absorption.

Method: NLC formulations were developed using a high shear homogenization combined with sonication, using Precirol® ATO5 or Tristearin® as the solid lipid, Capryol™ or isopropyl myristate as the liquid lipid and Poloxamer® 407 as surfactant.

Formulation of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride loaded biodegradable nanoparticles: optimization of technique and process variables.

Unlabelled: Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA 502 H) nanoparticles incorporating ciprofloxacin HCl (CP) were prepared by double emulsion solvent diffusion technique.

Methods: The influence of the application of probe sonication besides the high pressure homogenization in the preparation of the secondary emulsion and its application during the solidification step were studied. Their effect on the particle size, Zeta potential and the percent encapsulation efficiency of the drug (EE %) were investigated.

Inclusion complexes of tadalafil with natural and chemically modified beta-cyclodextrins. I: preparation and in-vitro evaluation.

The aim of this work was to investigate the inclusion complexation between tadalafil, a practically insoluble selective phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor (PDE5), and two chemically modified beta-cyclodextrins: hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD) and heptakis-[2,6-di-O-methyl]-beta-cyclodextrin (DM-beta-CD), in comparison with the natural beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) in order to improve the solubility and the dissolution rate of the drug in an attempt to enhance its bioavailability. Inclusion complexation was investigated in both the solution and the solid state. The UV spectral shift method indicated guest-host complex formation between tadalafil and the three cyclodextrins (CDs).

Per-oral extended-release bioadhesive tablet formulation of verapamil HCl.

The objective of this study was to formulate a hydrogel-forming bioadhesive drug delivery system for oral administration of verapamil HCl (VP). This system is a non-distintegrating gastro-retentive tablet to allow continuous slow release of VP in the stomach medium where it is more soluble. Different formulate of VP tablets were prepared by compression using various proportions of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and carbopol 934p (CP).