Extraoral Versus Intraoral Botulinum Toxin Type A Injection for Management of Temporomandibular Joint Disc Displacement With Reduction.

: The present study was conducted to compare between extraoral and intraoral approach for botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) injection into the lateral pterygoid muscle (LPM) in patients suffering from anterior disc displacement with reduction (ADDWR).Fourteen patients suffering from ADDWR were included in this prospective cohort study. Patients were enrolled randomly into 2 groups according to injection approach; where extraoral used in group I, while intraoral approach used in group II.

Serum 25(OH) vitamin D level and its relation to diabetic peripheral neuropathy in Egyptian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Some clinical studies demonstrated a significant association between vitamin D deficiency and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN).

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the correlation between serum levels of 25(OH) vitamin D and DPN in Egyptian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Patients And Method: Sixty patients were known to have T2DM, which classified into the following: group I included 40 patients with DPN and group II included 20 diabetic patients, without DPN, compared with 30 apparently healthy subjects of matched age and sex as control group.