"OMICS" in Human Milk: Focus on Biological Effects on Bone Homeostasis.

Human milk (HM) is a complex biofluid rich in nutrients and bioactive compounds essential for infant health. Recent advances in omics technologies-such as proteomics, metabolomics, and transcriptomics-have shed light on the influence of HM on bone development and health. This review discusses the impact of various HM components, including proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and hormones, on bone metabolism and skeletal growth.

Exploring HLA-C methylation patterns and nutritional status in Kichwa mothers and infants from Tena, Ecuador.

Environment and lifestyle can affect the epigenome passed down from generation to generation. A mother's nutrition can impact the methylation levels of her offspring's epigenome, but it's unclear which genes may be affected by malnutrition during gestation or early development. In this study, we examined the levels of methylated GC in the promoter region of HLA-C in mothers and infants from the Kichwa community in Ecuador.

Pharmaceuticals in hospital wastewaters: an analysis of the UBA's pharmaceutical database.

The presence of pharmaceuticals in hospital wastewaters (HWW) has been a focus of interest for researchers in the last decades. Certain therapeutic classes, such as X-ray contrast media, broad-spectrum antimicrobials and cytotoxics among others, are mainly used in hospitals-health care facilities. This study is focused on available studies monitoring the presence of pharmaceuticals in HWW around the world.

Analyzing the potential environmental impact of NIOSH list of hazardous drugs (group 2).

For the first time, several pharmaceuticals have been defined as priority substances in the new proposal of the revision of the Water Framework Directive (WFD). Consequently, environmental quality standards have been determined for several drugs. This is the case with the antiepileptic carbamazepine, which is considered as hazardous in healthcare settings by The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).

Critical review of technologies for the on-site treatment of hospital wastewater: From conventional to combined advanced processes.

This review aims to assess different technologies for the on-site treatment of hospital wastewater (HWW) to remove pharmaceutical compounds (PhCs) as sustances of emerging concern at a bench, pilot, and full scales from 2014 to 2020. Moreover, a rough characterisation of hospital effluents is presented. The main detected PhCs are antibiotics and psychiatric drugs, with concentrations up to 1.

Reusing Construction and Demolition Waste to Prepare Alkali-Activated Cement.

Large amounts of waste are derived not only from construction processes, but also the demolition of existing buildings. Such waste occupies large volumes in landfills, which makes its final disposal difficult and expensive. Reusing this waste type is generally limited to being employed as filler material or recycled aggregate in concrete, which limits its valorisation.

A comparative study among catalytic wet air oxidation, Fenton, and Photo-Fenton technologies for the on-site treatment of hospital wastewater.

The feasibility of catalytic wet air oxidation, intensified homogeneous Fenton and heterogeneous Photo-Fenton systems for the treatment of real hospital wastewater has been investigated. Wastewater samples were collected from a hospital sewer, during a weekly monitoring program, and fully characterized. Up to seventy-nine pharmaceuticals, including mostly parent compounds and some of their transformation products, were analyzed.

Anaerobic digestion of purple phototrophic bacteria - The release step of the partition-release-recover concept.

Purple phototrophic bacteria (PPB) have been proposed as a high-growth, assimilative option for wastewater treatment. The original partition-release-recover concept proposal requires their near complete digestion and release (and subsequent recovery) of energy and nutrients in an anaerobic digester. While the growth (partition) step has been extensively assessed, no work has been done on their anaerobic digestion characteristics (release).

Contamination of N-poor wastewater with emerging pollutants does not affect the performance of purple phototrophic bacteria and the subsequent resource recovery potential.

Propagation of emerging pollutants (EPs) in wastewater treatment plants has become a warning sign, especially for novel resource-recovery concepts. The fate of EPs on purple phototrophic bacteria (PPB)-based systems has not yet been determined. This work analyzes the performance of a photo-anaerobic membrane bioreactor treating a low-N wastewater contaminated with 25 EPs.

Author Correction: Forearc carbon sink reduces long-term volatile recycling into the mantle.

An Amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Author Correction: Forearc carbon sink reduces long-term volatile recycling into the mantle.

Change history: In this Article, the original affiliation 2 was not applicable and has been removed. In addition, in the Acknowledgements there was a statement missing and an error in a name. These errors have been corrected online.

Forearc carbon sink reduces long-term volatile recycling into the mantle.

Carbon and other volatiles in the form of gases, fluids or mineral phases are transported from Earth's surface into the mantle at convergent margins, where the oceanic crust subducts beneath the continental crust. The efficiency of this transfer has profound implications for the nature and scale of geochemical heterogeneities in Earth's deep mantle and shallow crustal reservoirs, as well as Earth's oxidation state. However, the proportions of volatiles released from the forearc and backarc are not well constrained compared to fluxes from the volcanic arc front.

Production of High Galacto-oligosaccharides by Pectinex Ultra SP-L: Optimization of Reaction Conditions and Immobilization on Glyoxyl-Functionalized Silica.

A rational optimization for the synthesis of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) from lactose catalyzed by β-galactosidase from Aspergillus aculeatus, included in the commercial product Pectinex Ultra SP-L, has been performed by using experimental design and surface response methodology. This accurate tool optimized empirical production of the most desired high-GOS (tri-GOS and tetra-GOS) up to 16.4% under the following reaction conditions: 59 °C, 4 U/mL free enzyme concentration, pH 6.

Wastewater sludges pretreated by different oxidation systems at mild conditions to promote the biogas formation in anaerobic processes.

The effect of different oxidation processes at mild conditions including the coupled-Fenton (sono-Fenton, photo-Fenton, and sono-photo-Fenton) and their blank systems (ultrasound, ultraviolet, zero valent iron, and Fenton) on anaerobic digestion of the sludge for biogas production was investigated. Ultrasounds led to the highest organic matter solubilization (3.8 up to 5.

Elimination of drugs of abuse and their toxicity from natural waters by photo-Fenton treatment.

This paper investigates the elimination of drugs of abuse from six different chemical classes and their metabolites in natural fluvial waters (nearby the output of a sewage system). Mineralization of these substances and toxicological characterization before and after treatment by a heterogeneous photo-Fenton system has been evaluated. This advanced oxidation technology was able to significantly reduce the concentration of the drugs of abuse in all the tested conditions (different hydrogen peroxide and catalyst loadings).

Coupling membrane separation and photocatalytic oxidation processes for the degradation of pharmaceutical pollutants.

The coupling of membrane separation and photocatalytic oxidation has been studied for the removal of pharmaceutical pollutants. The retention properties of two different membranes (nanofiltration and reverse osmosis) were assessed. Comparable selectivity on the separation of pharmaceuticals were observed for both membranes, obtaining a permeate stream with concentrations of each pharmaceutical below 0.

Drugs of abuse in surface and tap waters of the Tagus River basin: heterogeneous photo-Fenton process is effective in their degradation.

This work investigates for the first time the occurrence of drugs of abuse and metabolites in surface waters from the Tagus River on its way through the province of Toledo (downstream Madrid metropolitan area) and in drinking waters in two nearby cities. Some of the studied drugs are used for therapeutic purposes but they can also be consumed as illicit drugs. The results of this preliminary study have revealed the presence of 12 out of 22 drugs of abuse analyzed in fluvial water at concentrations ranging from 1.

Heterogeneous photo-Fenton treatment for the reduction of pharmaceutical contamination in Madrid rivers and ecotoxicological evaluation by a miniaturized fern spores bioassay.

Fifty-six pharmaceuticals of various chemical groups, such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and cardiovascular drugs, were detected in four selected river waters receiving sewage effluents in the Community of Madrid (Spain). A promising approach for the degradation of those residues is the application of a photo-Fenton treatment. Several new bioassays using fern spores were employed for the evaluation of acute and chronic toxicity based on mitochondrial activity, DNA and chlorophyll quantifications of as-received river water and photo-Fenton-treated samples.

Integrated heterogeneous sono-photo Fenton processes for the degradation of phenolic aqueous solutions.

The removal of organic compounds from aqueous solutions has been tackled by a novel integrated heterogeneous system. The efficacy of the different systems has been assessed using Fenton-like processes (H2O2/Fe2O3-SBA-15) and phenol as model pollutant. Sono- and photo-Fenton processes separately applied as well as combined systems were studied in order to evaluate of possible beneficial effects on the use of coupled systems.

Characterization of vanadium and titanium oxide supported SBA-15.

Supported vanadium and titanium oxide catalysts were prepared by adsorption and subsequent calcination of the vanadyl and titanyl acetylacetonate complexes, respectively, on mesoporous SBA-15 by the molecular designed dispersion (MDD) method. Liquid and gas phase depositions at different temperatures were carried out with vanadyl acetylacetonate, and the different results together with those of titanyl acetylacetonate in the liquid phase deposition were discussed. The bonding mechanism, the influence of the metal interaction with the support material, and differences due to the way of deposition and the temperature were investigated by TGA, chemical analysis, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy.

Preparation and characterization of vanadium oxide deposited on thermally stable mesoporous titania.

Vanadium oxide was deposited on mesoporous titania by the molecular designed dispersion method to investigate the potential properties of these catalysts. Mesoporous titania was synthesized following the evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) method with a subsequent treatment with ammonia to increase the thermal stability. As a result, the mesoporous titania obtained shows a high surface area (approximately 350 m2/g) and high stability.