Prompt Initiation of Maternal Antiretroviral Therapy After HIV Seroconversion in Pregnancy Effectively Prevents Vertical Transmission and Other Adverse Infant Outcomes.

From January 2008 to December 2018, 1348 HIV-exposed infants were born in Porto Alegre, Brazil; 18.8% had adverse infant outcomes (AIO) including vertical transmission (1.9%), stillbirth/neonatal death (4.

IL1R2 Acts as a Negative Regulator of Monocyte Recruitment During Inflammation.

IL1-β plays a central role in inflammation but its biological action needs to be tightly controlled. Such negative regulation can be exerted by the decoy receptor IL1R2. However, IL1R2 biology in immune cells remains poorly characterized, in particular in monocytes.

Mechanical Viability and Functionality Assessment of a New Sutureless Endoluminal Microvascular Device: A Preliminary In Vivo Rabbit Study.

Our group has developed a new nitinol endoluminal self-expandable device for microvascular anastomosis. It attaches to each vessel ending with opposite directed microspikes and reaches complete expansion at body temperature, using the nitinol shape memory capacity. The main purpose of this first in vivo trial is to evaluate the mechanical viability of the device and its immediate and early functionality.

Enriched music-supported therapy for individuals with chronic stroke: a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: Many stroke survivors still present with upper-limb paresis six months post-stroke, impacting their autonomy and quality of life (QoL). We designed an enriched Music-supported Therapy (eMST) program to reduce disability in this population. We evaluated the eMST's effectiveness in improving functional abilities and QoL in chronic stroke individuals compared to the conventional motor program Graded Repetitive Arm Supplementary Program (GRASP).

Immune Response to the Recombinant Apa Protein from Mycobacterium tuberculosis Expressed in Streptomyces lividans After Intranasal Administration in Mice. Induction of Protective Response to Tubercle Bacillus Aerosols Exposure.

Identifying and evaluating potential vaccine candidates has become one of the main objectives to combat tuberculosis. Among them, mannosylated Apa antigen from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the non-mannosylated protein expressed in Escherichia coli, have been studied. Although both proteins can induce a protective response in mice, it has been considered that native protein can be dispensed.

Contribution of Syphilis to Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in People Living With and Without HIV in South Brazil: 2008 to 2018.

Background: Syphilis coinfection among pregnant people living with HIV (PLH) may worsen pregnancy outcomes. We evaluated the impact of syphilis coinfection on pregnancies in south Brazil.

Methods: Data were extracted from hospital records between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2018.

Investigating the Impact of Electrostatic Interactions on Calmodulin Binding and Ca-Dependent Activation of the Calcium-Gated Potassium SK4 Channel.

Ca binding to the ubiquitous Ca sensing protein calmodulin (CaM) activates the intermediate conductance Ca-activated SK4 channel. Potential hydrophilic pockets for CaM binding have been identified at the intracellular HA and HB helices in the C-terminal of SK4 from the three published cryo-EM structures of SK4. Single charge reversal substitutions at either site, significantly weakened the pull-down of SK4 by CaM wild-type (CaM), and decreased the TRAM-34 sensitive outward K current densities in native HEK293T cells when compared with SK4 WT measured under the same conditions.

Survey of collaboration supporting students who are deaf and hard of hearing.

Collaboration between teachers of students who are deaf and hard of hearing (TSDHH) and educational audiologists is essential when developing successful, comprehensive service delivery plans for students who are deaf and hard of hearing. Despite the importance, little is known about how these two professions work together. This study sought to describe the current state of collaboration between educational audiologists and TSDHH and to explore the barriers and facilitators to this collaboration.

The presence of anhedonia in individuals with subacute and chronic stroke: an exploratory cohort study.

Background: Anhedonia refers to the diminished capacity to experience pleasure. It has been described both as a symptom of depression and an enduring behavioral trait that contributes its development. Specifically, in stroke patients, anhedonia has been closely linked to depression, resulting in reduced sensitivity to everyday pleasures and intrinsic motivation to engage in rehabilitation programs and maintain a healthy active lifestyle.

Sexual network characteristics and partnership types among men who have sex with men diagnosed with syphilis, gonorrhoea and/or chlamydia in Lima, Peru.

Objectives: Sexual networks are known to structure sexually transmitted infection (STI) transmission among men who have sex with men (MSM). We sought to estimate the risks of STI diagnosis for various partnership types within these networks.

Methods: Our cross-sectional survey analysed data from 1376 MSM screened for a partner management intervention in Lima, Peru.

Both/And: Mixed methods analysis of network composition, communication patterns, and socio-economic support within social networks of transgender women involved in sex work in Lima, Peru.

Introduction: Social networks contribute to normative reinforcement of HIV prevention strategies, knowledge sharing, and social capital, but little research has characterized the social networks of transgender women (TW) in Latin America. We conducted a mixed methods analysis of three network clusters of TW in Lima, Peru, to evaluate network composition, types of support exchanged, and patterns of communication.

Methods: We recruited TW residing in or affiliated with three "casas trans" (houses shared among TW) in Lima between April-May 2018.

Environmental radiological baseline in unconventional oil and gas areas of Mexico.

Environmental radioactivity study was performed in unconventional hydrocarbons areas for the first time in Mexico, where four unconventional hydrocarbon exploratory wells (UHEW) are planned. This study assesses natural radiological conditions in areas around UHEW. Equivalent dose rate distribution displayed in Geographic Information System (GIS) had a maximum of 1.

Bedside ultrasound in post-anaesthetic care unit for the diagnosis of post-extubation negative pressure pulmonary oedema: A paediatric case.

Background: Post-extubation negative pressure pulmonary oedema is a rare, potentially life-threatening complication associated with general anaesthesia. Chest radiography is used as a diagnostic tool, but it implies a non-negligible radiation exposure, a very important consideration, especially for the paediatric population. However, lung ultrasound can overcome this problem and can be used to detect postoperative pulmonary complications.

Social Networks Play a Complex Role in HIV Prevention Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices, and the Uptake of PrEP Through Transgender Women Communities Centered Around Three "Casas Trans" in Lima, Peru: A Qualitative Study.

Transgender women's (TW) social networks may facilitate HIV prevention information dissemination and normative reinforcement. We conducted a qualitative study of social networks among 20 TW affiliated with 3 "casas trans" (houses shared among TW) in Lima, Peru, using diffusion of innovations theory to investigate community-level HIV prevention norms. Participants completed demographic questionnaires, social network interviews, and semistructured in-depth interviews.

Effect and safety of listening to music or audiobooks as a coadjuvant treatment for chronic pain patients under opioid treatment: a study protocol for an open-label, parallel-group, randomised, controlled, proof-of-concept clinical trial in a tertiary hospital in the Barcelona South Metropolitan area.

Background: Chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) treatment's primary goal is to maintain physical and mental functioning while improving quality of life. Opioid use in CNCP patients has increased in recent years, and non-pharmacological interventions such as music listening have been proposed to counter it. Unlike other auditive stimuli, music can activate emotional-regulating and reward-regulating circuits, making it a potential tool to modulate attentional processes and regulate mood.

Both/And: Mixed methods analysis of network composition, communication patterns, and socio-economic support within social networks of transgender women in Lima, Peru.

Introduction: Social networks contribute to normative reinforcement of HIV prevention strategies, knowledge sharing, and social capital, but little research has characterized the social networks of transgender women (TW) in Latin America. We conducted a mixed methods analysis of three network clusters of TW in Lima, Peru, to evaluate network composition, types of support exchanged, and patterns of communication.

Methods: We recruited TW residing in or affiliated with three "" (houses shared among TW) in Lima between April-May 2018.

Chagas prevention and control in an endemic area from the Argentinian Gran Chaco Region: Data from 14 years of uninterrupted intervention.

Background: Chagas Disease (ChD) is a Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD) affecting 6 to 7 million people worldwide, mostly from Latin America. In Argentina, a national control program has been implemented since 1962, yet there are still an estimated 1.6 million infected individuals.