An in-vivo study on the effect of head orientation in the measurement of anthropometric points in stereophotogrammetry.

Background: It is well known that in bidimensional photography the orientation of the head is fundamental to obtain a correct reproduction of the subject. Even minimal errors in yaw, roll and pitch of the head can be cause of unreliability of the photography itself. This is not the case in three-dimensional photography in which head positioning may have no influence on the reliability of the results since on the computer the 3D reconstruction of the face can be oriented as desired, allowing any small errors to be corrected.

A narrative review on obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome in paediatric population.

Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome is a respiratory sleep disorder that affects 1-5% of children. It occurs equally in males and females, with higher incidence in school age and adolescence. OSAS may be caused by several factors, but in children, adenotonsillar hypertrophy, obesity, and maxillo-mandibular deficits are the most common.

Walkability and socio-economic status in relation to walking, playing and sports practice in a representative Spanish sample of youth: The PASOS study.

Purpose: Physical activity (PA) provides multiple health-related benefits in children and adolescents, however, at present, the majority of young people are insufficiently physically active. The aim of this study was to evaluate if neighborhood walkability and/or socio-economic status (SES) could affect the practice of walking, play outdoors and sports practice in a representative sample of Spanish children and adolescents.

Methods: A sample of 4092 youth (aged 8-16 years old) from 245 primary and secondary schools in 121 localities from each of the 17 Spanish autonomous communities participated in the study.

Relationship between periodontal disease and obstructive sleep apnea in adults: A systematic review.

The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate whether there are scientific evidence regarding the association between periodontitis and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in adults. An electronic search was performed on MEDLINE/PubMed for prospective and retrospective longitudinal studies, cohort studies, and case-control studies conducted in human adults affected by both OSA and periodontitis. Two reviewers extracted the data using a custom Excel spreadsheet.

Awareness and attitude among general dentists and orthodontists toward obstructive sleep apnea in children.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate Italian dentists' knowledge of and attitudes toward obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children.

Methods: An anonymous questionnaire was prepared using Google Forms and sent to dentists in Italy through private social platforms. The first part of the questionnaire contained basic demographic data questions, and the second part included items about pediatric OSA.

: a novel automated system for malaria diagnosis by using artificial intelligence tools and a universal low-cost robotized microscope.

Introduction: Malaria is one of the most prevalent infectious diseases in sub-Saharan Africa, with 247 million cases reported worldwide in 2021 according to the World Health Organization. Optical microscopy remains the gold standard technique for malaria diagnosis, however, it requires expertise, is time-consuming and difficult to reproduce. Therefore, new diagnostic techniques based on digital image analysis using artificial intelligence tools can improve diagnosis and help automate it.

Parents' Diet Quality and Physical Activity Are Associated with Lifestyle in Spanish Children and Adolescents: The PASOS Study.

Background: Non-communicable chronic diseases are associated with a low-quality diet, low physical activity, and sedentary behavior.

Objective: To assess how parents' diet and physical activity habits were associated with their offsprings' lifestyles.

Study Design: A cross-sectional analysis of 8-16-year-old children and adolescents (n = 2539; 51.

Lifestyle behaviors clusters in a nationwide sample of Spanish children and adolescents: PASOS study.

Background: Youth is a vulnerable period. To classify lifestyle behaviors and its relationship with health-related outcomes of Spanish children and adolescents.

Methods: Cross-sectional study including 3261 children aged 7.

Trends in Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Spanish Children and Adolescents across Two Decades.

Unhealthy dietary habits determined during childhood may represent a risk factor to many of the chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in adulthood. Mediterranean Diet (MD) adherence in children and adolescents (8-16 years) living in Spain was investigated using the KIDMED questionnaire in a comparative analysis of two cross-sectional nationwide representative studies: enKid (1998-2000, = 1001) and PASOS (2019-2020, = 3540). Taking into account the educational level of pupils, as well as the characteristics of the place of living, a significant association was found between a KIDMED score ≥ 8 (optimal MD adherence) and primary education as well as residency in an area of <50,000 inhabitants, while living in the southern regions was associated with non-optimal MD adherence ( < 0.

Chewing Efficiency Test in Subjects with Clear Aligners.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the masticatory function of subjects with clear aligners and to propose a simple and repeatable method for the clinical and experimental evaluation of masticatory function. For the testing we used almonds, a natural substance that can be easily found and stored, has intermediate consistency and hardness, is insoluble in saliva, and has the ability easily lose the moisture absorbed in the mouth. Thirty-four subjects using the Invisalign (Align Technology, Santa Clara, CA, USA) protocol were randomly selected.

Oral hygiene practices in nurseries (0-3 years) in the cities of Pavia and Vigevano.

Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate attention to and knowledge of oral care in children aged 0-3 years, on the basis of data collected from early years educators working with this age group. Information was also collected about the oral hygiene practices adopted in nurseries and the types of food provided, with the aim of increasing knowledge and raising awareness of this topic.

Materials And Methods: A questionnaire was created using the "Google Forms" program and sent to all the 47 nurseries in the city of Pavia and Vigevano.

Predictability of Invisalign Clear Aligners Using OrthoPulse: A Retrospective Study.

This preliminary retrospective study evaluates how effective the OrthoPulse (Biolux Technology, Austria) is in increasing the predictability of orthodontic treatment in patients treated with Invisalign clear aligners (Align Technology Inc., Tempe, AZ, USA). A group of 376 patients were treated with Invisalign orthodontic clear aligners in association with an OrthoPulse.

The Interaction of Craniofacial Morphology and Body Mass Index in Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Aim: This study sets out to explore the relationship between craniofacial morphology and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity, assessing the relative contribution of obesity, calculated using BMI. Methods: A sample of 30 adult patients (20 males; 10 females), mean age = 54(±76) years, with a polysomnography-confirmed diagnosis of OSA, i.e.

Pilot Study of a New Mandibular Advancement Device.

This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of a customized mandibular advancement device (MAD) in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Eight patients (M = 3; F = 5; mean age = 56.3 ± 9.

Determinants of Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Spanish Children and Adolescents: The PASOS Study.

A progressive shift away from traditional healthy dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), has been observed in recent decades. The aim of this study was to assess determinants of optimal adherence to the MedDiet in Spanish children and adolescents. A cross-sectional analysis was included in the PASOS nationwide representative study in Spain.

Combined Body Mass Index and Waist-to-Height Ratio and Its Association with Lifestyle and Health Factors among Spanish Children: The PASOS Study.

Background And Aims: The World Health Organization recommended simultaneous measurement of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) and suggested joint use to predict disease risks. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of BMI and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) categories among Spanish children and adolescents, as well as their associations with several lifestyle factors.

Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of 8-16-year-old children and adolescents ( = 3772) were included in the PASOS nationwide representative study.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evaluation of Closed-Mouth TMJ Disc-Condyle Relationship in a Population of Patients Seeking for Temporomandibular Disorders Advice.

Objective: To characterize the closed-mouth temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc-condyle relationship in a population of individuals who sought hospital services for temporomandibular disorders (TMD).

Methods: Two hundred and twenty-four TMJ magnetic resonance images (MRIs) of 112 patients were assessed in all spatial planes to classify disc position with respect to the condyle in a closed-mouth position.

Results: Disc displacement (DD) was present in 62.

Validity, reliability, and calibration of the physical activity unit 7 item screener (PAU-7S) at population scale.

Background: Validation of self-reported tools, such as physical activity (PA) questionnaires, is crucial. The aim of this study was to determine test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and the concurrent, construct, and predictive validity of the short semi-quantitative Physical Activity Unit 7 item Screener (PAU-7S), using accelerometry as the reference measurement. The effect of linear calibration on PAU-7S validity was tested.

Efficacy of a Trial Oral Appliance in OSAS Management: A New Protocol to Recognize Responder/Nonresponder Patients.

Oral appliances (OAs) of various types have shown variable success in the treatment of mild-to-moderate obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). In an OSA sample, this study evaluated the efficacy of a diagnostic trial OA (myTAP™); the efficacy of a definitive custom-fitted mandibular advancement device (MAD) (SomnoDent Flex™); and whether a trial device can be used to distinguish treatment responder from nonresponder patients. Patients underwent overnight home sleep recordings prior to and after fitting of these appliances in order to objectively assess their sleep quality in terms of polysomnographic (PSG) respiratory measures: apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI), oxygen desaturation index (ODI), and minimum oxygen saturation (LowSpO).

Screen Time and Parents' Education Level Are Associated with Poor Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Spanish Children and Adolescents: The PASOS Study.

The aim of this study is to evaluate if screen time and parents' education levels are associated with adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern. This cross-sectional study analyzed a representative sample of 3333 children and adolescents (8 to 16 years) included in the Physical Activity, Sedentarism, lifestyles and Obesity in Spanish youth (PASOS) study in Spain (which ran from March 2019 to February 2020). Data on screen time (television, computer, video games, and mobile phone) per day, Mediterranean diet adherence, daily moderate or vigorous physical activity, and parents' education levels were gathered using questionnaires.

Correlation between Parental-Reported Tooth Grinding and Sleep Disorders: Investigation in a Cohort of 741 Consecutive Children.

Purpose: A possible relationship between sleep bruxism (SB) and several sleep disorders has been suggested in children, which could influence sleep quality and quality of life. This study aims to assess such correlations in a large sample of school children.

Methods: Parents of 741 consecutive children aged between 8 and 12 years filled the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC).