[How to avoid accumulation of stone fragments in the lower calix during flexible ureterorenoscopy].

Flexible ureterorenoscopy combined with Holmium:YAG laser is an emerging technology that already has its place among the urologist's treatment options for the management of urinary stones. The main indication for the technique is renal stones, particularly lower caliceal stones. After mobilization of the stone in the renal pelvis or upper caliceal group, fragmentation is achieved by Holmium:YAG laser and the largest fragments are removed.

[How to identify the neck of a caliceal diverticulum in flexible ureterorenoscopy].

A caliceal diverticulum corresponds to a cavity communicating with the renal excretory tract via a neck. Surgical treatment is required when the caliceal diverticulum is symptomatic with repercussions on the patient's quality of life. A retrograde approach via holmium:YAG laser ureterorenoscopy has been recently used to treat the stone and externalize the caliceal diverticulum into the pyelocaliceal cavities.