Stabilization mechanism and long-term stability of endogenous heavy metals in manure-derived biochar.

Pyrolysis has been proposed to stabilize heavy metals present in livestock manure. However, many studies have not considered the applicability of manure-derived biochar containing endogenous heavy metals as an agricultural fertilizer. This study investigated the mechanisms through which pyrolysis stabilizes endogenous heavy metals in swine manure and the long-term stability of endogenous heavy metals in the biochar.

Eupatilin Alleviates Hyperlipidemia in Mice by Inhibiting HMG-CoA Reductase.

(family ) is a natural product broadly used as an antioxidative, hepatoprotective, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory agent in East Asia. In the present study, eupatilin, the main constituent of , was investigated as an antihyperlipidemic agent. Eupatilin inhibited 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase (HCR), an enzyme that is a therapeutic target for hyperlipidemia, in an assay using rat liver.

Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Human Breast Milk Improve Colitis Induced by 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzene Sulfonic Acid by Inhibiting NF-κB Signaling in Mice.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a chronic inflammatory disease, results from dysregulation of the immune responses. Some lactic acid bacteria (LAB), including , alleviate IBD through immunomodulation. In this study, the anti-colitis effect of LAB isolated from human breast milk was investigated in a mouse model induced acute colitis with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS).

Small Molecules for Enhancing the Precision and Safety of Genome Editing.

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based genome-editing technologies have revolutionized biology, biotechnology, and medicine, and have spurred the development of new therapeutic modalities. However, there remain several barriers to the safe use of CRISPR technologies, such as unintended off-target DNA cleavages. Small molecules are important resources to solve these problems, given their facile delivery and fast action to enable temporal control of the CRISPR systems.

The APP intracellular domain promotes expression to enable feed-forward neurodegenerative mechanisms in Parkinson's disease.

Gain-of-function mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 () gene are common in familial forms of Parkinson's disease (PD), which is characterized by progressive neurodegeneration that impairs motor and cognitive function. We previously demonstrated that LRRK2-mediated phosphorylation of β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) triggers the production and nuclear translocation of the APP intracellular domain (AICD). Here, we connected LRRK2 to AICD in a feed-forward cycle that enhanced LRRK2-mediated neurotoxicity.

Extract Protects against Lipopolysaccharide-Derived Inflammatory Response in Human Colon Epithelial Caco-2 Cells.

Increased tight junction permeability and overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines are crucial pathophysiological mechanisms in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study evaluated anti-inflammatory effects of aqueous ethanolic extract (AE-GBE) against intestinal permeability on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated Caco-2 cells. Treatment with AE-GBE increased cell viability and significantly reduced inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide and LPS-induced reactive oxidative stress.

extract attenuates free fatty acid-induced lipotoxicity in pancreatic beta cells.

Backgroud/objectives: larva (ADL), one of the many edible insects recognized as future food resources, has a range of pharmacological activities. In a previous study, an ADL extract (ADLE) reduced the hepatic insulin resistance of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced diabetic mice. On the other hand, the associated molecular mechanisms underlying pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction remain unclear.

Ganoderma boninense mycelia for phytochemicals and secondary metabolites with antibacterial activity.

Antiplasmodial nortriterpenes with 3,4-seco-27-norlanostane skeletons, almost entirely obtained from fruiting bodies, represent the main evidential source for bioactive secondary metabolites derived from a relatively unexplored phytopathogenic fungus, Ganoderma boninense. Currently lacking is convincing evidence for antimicrobial secondary metabolites in this pathogen, excluding that obtained from commonly observed phytochemicals in the plants. Herein, we aimed to demonstrate an efficient analytical approach for the production of antibacterial secondary metabolites using the mycelial extract of G.

Allomyrina dichotoma larval extract attenuates intestinal barrier disruption by altering inflammatory response and tight junction proteins in lipopolysaccharide-induced Caco-2 cells.

Intestinal epithelial cells form a barrier between the intestinal lumen and host connective tissues and play an important role in maintaining intestinal nutrient homeostasis. This study investigated effects of Allomyrina dichotoma (rhinoceros beetle) larval extract (ADLE) on the intestinal barrier damage and explored mechanisms for reversing intestinal barrier dysfunction in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated Caco-2, human intestinal epithelial cells. LPS reduced intestinal epithelial barrier function by increasing transepithelial electrical resistance, and this effect was significantly attenuated by ADLE treatment.

Development and application of an antibody that binds to interleukin-1β of various mammalian species for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.

Inflammation is provoked by host immune reactions to pathogenic or tissue injury and is arbitrated by cytokines. Among the pro-inflammatory cytokines, the tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) are main mediators of inflammation. The production of these pro-inflammatory cytokines is mainly triggered in macrophages by harmful stimuli including microbial pathogens, irritants, and toxic cellular components, and plays key roles in the palpation of the inflammatory response.

Engineered human FcγRIIa fusion: A novel strategy to extend serum half-life of therapeutic proteins.

The immunoglobulin G (IgG) molecule has a long circulating serum half-life (~3 weeks) through pH- dependent FcRn binding-mediated recycling. To hijack the intracellular trafficking and recycling mechanism of IgG as a way to extend serum persistence of non-antibody therapeutic proteins, we have evolved the ectodomain of a low-affinity human FcγRIIa for enhanced binding to the lower hinge and upper CH2 region of IgG, which is very far from the FcRn binding site (CH2-CH3 interface). High-throughput library screening enabled isolation of an FcγRIIa variant (2A45.

The effects of body mass index and body shape perceptions of South Korean adults on weight control behaviors; Correlation with quality of sleep and residence of place.

Background/objectives: The obese population is rapidly increasing because of reduced physical activity and a Westernized diet; consequently, various chronic diseases are more prevalent. With the increasing interest in body shape and appearance, research on body shape perceptions and accompanying weight control behaviors are needed for healthy weight management.

Subjects/methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on randomly selected 536 (209 men and 327 women) aged 20 to 65 years.

IL-10 Expression-Inducing Gut Bacteria Alleviate High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity and Hyperlipidemia in Mice.

In the present study, we examined the effects of interleukin (IL)-10 expression-inducing bacteria HP1, HP2, and HP3 on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and liver steatosis in mice. Oral gavage of HP1, HP2, and HP3 reduced HFD-induced bodyweight gain, triglycerides, and total cholesterol levels in the blood and liver. They also suppressed HFD-induced colitis and the fecal δ,γ-Proteobacteria population.

Upregulation of caveolin-1 and its colocalization with cytokine receptors contributes to beta cell apoptosis.

Caveolin-1 (cav-1), the principal structural and signalling protein of caveolae, is implicated in various signalling events, including apoptotic cell death in type 2 diabetes. However, the precise role of beta cells in apoptosis has not been clearly defined. In this study, we investigated the involvement of cav-1 in cytokine-induced beta cell apoptosis and its underlying mechanisms in the rat beta cell line, INS-1 and isolated islets.

S1 Improves Colitis Induced by 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzene Sulfonic Acid by the Inhibition of NF-κB Signaling in Mice.

S1 strongly inhibits the expression of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β in lipopolysaccharide-induced peritoneal macrophages by a mechanism for which lactic acid bacteria from kimchi that inhibit tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-κ) were isolated. Therefore, we further evaluated the protective effect of this strain on the colitis mouse model induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). TNBS significantly elevated myeloperoxidase (MPO) expression, macroscopic scores, and colon shortening.

Amelioration of colitis in mice by Leuconostoc lactis EJ-1 by M1 to M2 macrophage polarization.

Dysregulation of immune responses to environmental antigens by the intestine leads to the chronic inflammatory disease, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Recent studies have thus sought to identify a dietary component that can inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nuclear factor-kappa beta (NF-κB) signaling to ameliorate IBD. This study assessed if the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from kimchi, suppresses the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in peritoneal macrophages induced by LPS.

NK3 and NK49 Alleviate Bacterial Vaginosis and Osteoporosis in Mice by Suppressing NF-B-Linked TNF- Expression.

Excessive expression of TNF- worsens bacterial vaginosis (BV) and osteoporosis. Therefore, to understand whether probiotics could alleviate vaginosis and osteoporosis, we isolated anti-inflammatory NK3 and NK49 from kimchi and human fecal lactic acid bacteria collection and examined their effects on (GV)-induced vaginosis and ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in female mice. Oral gavage of NK3 and/or NK49 significantly alleviated GV-induced vaginosis; these inhibited NF-B activation and TNF- expression in the vagina and uterus, and decreased the GV population in the vagina.

Lactobacillus plantarum LC27 and Bifidobacterium longum LC67 simultaneously alleviate high-fat diet-induced colitis, endotoxemia, liver steatosis, and obesity in mice.

Long-term feeding of a high-fat diet (HFD) induces endotoxemia and gastrointestinal inflammation by disturbing gut microbiota composition and membrane permeability, resulting in the acceleration of obesity. Some probiotics exhibit anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, we hypothesized that anti-inflammatory probiotics could lead to the simultaneous attenuation of endotoxemia, liver steatosis, obesity, and colitis in mice with HFD-induced obesity.

Fermented Red Ginseng Alleviates Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression and 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid-Induced Colitis in Mice by Regulating Macrophage Activation and T Cell Differentiation.

A variety of products have been developed with red ginseng (RG, the steamed roots of Panax ginseng Meyer). To clarify the immunomodulating effects of water-extracted RG (wRG), 50% ethanol-extracted RG (eRG), enzyme-treated eRG (ERG) and probiotic-fermented eRG (FRG), we examined their immunopotentiating and immunosuppressive effects in mice with cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced immunosuppression (CI) or 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis (TC). Oral administration of RG in CI mice significantly increased blood IFN- levels.

Evidence for interplay among antibacterial-induced gut microbiota disturbance, neuro-inflammation, and anxiety in mice.

The aim of the present study was to determine whether there is the mechanistic connection between antibacterial-dependent gut microbiota disturbance and anxiety. First, exposure of mice to ampicillin caused anxiety and colitis and increased the population of Proteobacteria, particularly Klebsiella oxytoca, in gut microbiota and fecal and blood lipopolysaccharide levels, while decreasing lactobacilli population including Lactobacillus reuteri. Next, treatments with fecal microbiota of ampicillin-treated mouse (FAP), K.

Simultaneous Amelioratation of Colitis and Liver Injury in Mice by Bifidobacterium longum LC67 and Lactobacillus plantarum LC27.

Disturbances in the gut microbiota composition are associated with chronic inflammatory diseases of the intestine and the liver. In a preliminary study, Lactobacillus plantarum LC27 and Bifidobacterium longum LC67 could inhibit Escherichia coli growth and lipopolysaccharide-induced NF-κB activation linked to gut inflammation. Here, we investigated their effects on 2,4,6-trinitrobenzesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis and liver damage in mice.

Oral administration of Proteus mirabilis damages dopaminergic neurons and motor functions in mice.

Recently, studies on the relationship between gut dysbiosis and Parkinson's disease (PD) have increased, but whether a specific gut bacterium may cause PD remains unexplored. Here, we report, for the first time, that a specific gut bacterium directly induces PD symptoms and dopaminergic neuronal damage in the mouse brain. We found that the number of Enterobacteriaceae, particularly Proteus mirabilis, markedly and commonly increased in PD mouse models.

Tyndallized Lactobacillus plantarum HY7712 Restores Whole-Body γ-Irradiation-Impaired Th Cell Differentiation in Mice.

In the present study, we investigated the effect of tyndallized HY7712 (tHY7712) on the expression of Th cell specific transcription factors and cytokines in whole-body γ-irradiated mice. Oral administration of tHY7712 strongly recovered the γ-irradiation-suppressed expression of helper T (Th) cell- and regulatory T cell-related transcription factors and cytokines, such as T-bet, Foxp3, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-10, and suppressed Th2 cell-associated transcription factor and cytokine GATA3 and IL-5, respectively. Furthermore, compared with the control, tHY7712 treatment also restored γ-irradiation-impaired natural killer and cytotoxic T cell activities against YAC-1 tumor cells to 97.

Correction: Jang, S.-E.; et al. Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 and Lactobacillus acidophilus La-14 Attenuate Gardnerella vaginalis-Infected Bacterial Vaginosis in Mice. Nutrients 2017, 9, 531.

We would like to submit the following corrections to our recently published paper [1] due to the reported wrong name of probiotic mixture and the dose of some drugs. ..

Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 and Lactobacillus acidophilus La-14 Attenuate Gardnerella vaginalis-Infected Bacterial Vaginosis in Mice.

Oral administration of a probiotic mixture (PM; Respecta) consisting of HN001 (L1), La-14 (L2), and lactoferrin RCXTM results in colonization of these probiotics in the vagina of healthy women. Therefore, we examined whether vaginal colonization of the PM ingredients L1 and L2 could attenuate bacterial vaginosis (BV). BV was induced in mice via β-estradiol-3-benzoate-induced immunosuppression and intravaginal inoculation with (GV).