Characterizing biomarkers of ageing in Singaporeans: the ABIOS observational study protocol.

Ageing is the primary driver of age-associated chronic diseases and conditions. Asian populations have traditionally been underrepresented in studies understanding age-related diseases. Thus, the Ageing BIOmarker Study in Singaporeans (ABIOS) aims to characterise biomarkers of ageing in Singaporeans, exploring associations between molecular, physiological, and digital biomarkers of ageing.

Iodine Deficiency Hypothyroidism Among Children in the United States - 21st Century Resurgence?

Background/objective: Iodine deficiency hypothyroidism is an important cause of neurocognitive and motor impairment in children globally. In the United States, universal salt iodization, which began in the 1920s, led to a dramatic decline in iodine deficiency hypothyroidism. However, iodine deficiency may be reemerging due to increased consumption of noniodized salts, decreased dairy iodine concentrations, and decreased intake of iodine containing foods due to food allergies, dietary preferences such as vegan diets, or restrictive food intake disorders.

Expectations and Outcomes From Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists As Adjunct Treatment for Type 1 Diabetes - Case Presentations.

Background: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, leading to lifelong insulin dependence. Despite advancements in insulin therapies and glucose monitoring, maintaining optimal blood glucose control remains challenging with common issues like weight gain and glucose variability. Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), approved for type 2 diabetes and obesity, are being explored off-label for T1D.

Dual-Self-Crosslinking Effect of Alginate-Di-Aldehyde with Natural and Synthetic Co-Polymers as Injectable In Situ-Forming Biodegradable Hydrogel.

Injectable, in situ-forming hydrogels, both biocompatible and biodegradable, have garnered significant attention in tissue engineering due to their potential for creating adaptable scaffolds. The adaptability of these hydrogels, made from natural proteins and polysaccharides, opens up a world of possibilities. In this study, sodium alginate was used to synthesize alginate di-aldehyde (ADA) through periodate oxidation, resulting in a lower molecular weight and reduced viscosity, with different degrees of oxidation (54% and 70%).

An alumina phase induced composite transition shuttle to stabilize carbon capture cycles.

Limiting global warming to 1.5-2 °C requires a 50-90% reduction in CO emissions in 2050, depending on different scenarios, and carbon capture, utilization, and storage is a promising technology that can help reach this objective. Calcium oxide (CaO) carbon capture is an appealing choice because of its affordability, large potential capacity, and ability to withstand the high temperatures of flue gases.

Predictors of weight and waist gain in US South Asians: Findings from the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) study.

Background: Weight and waist gain are significant concerns in adulthood. Both weight and waist gain are particularly important among South Asians, known to have an increased risk of developing chronic cardiometabolic complications at any body mass index compared to other racial and ethnic groups. The aim of this study was to investigate factors predicting weight and waist gain in a longitudinal cohort of South Asians living in the US (United States).

Mechanosensitive FHL2 tunes endothelial function.

Endothelial tissues are essential mechanosensors in the vasculature and facilitate adaptation to various blood flow-induced mechanical cues. Defects in endothelial mechanoresponses can perturb tissue remodelling and functions leading to cardiovascular disease progression. In this context, the precise mechanisms of endothelial mechanoresponses contributing to normal and diseased tissue functioning remain elusive.

Predictors of weight and waist gain in US South Asians: Findings from the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) Study.

Background: Weight and waist gain are significant concerns in adulthood. Both weight and waist gain are particularly important among South Asians, a high-risk group known to develop chronic cardiometabolic complications at any body mass index compared to other racial and ethnic groups.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate factors predicting weight and waist gain in a longitudinal cohort of US South Asians, a high-risk group for developing obesity-related complications.

Exploring the Efficacy of Pellitorine as an Antiparasitic Agent Against Argulus: Impacts on Antioxidant Levels and Immune Responses in Goldfish (Carassius auratus).

Introduction: Argulus spp. infestation is a significant challenge for aquaculture, currently, there are no approved medications available to efficiently manage this parasite. Consequently, mechanical removal of parasites using forceps and natural substances like herbs are being explored as alternative treatment methods.

Application of Bacillus Coagulans as Paraprobiotic Against Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease in Shrimp.

Paraprobiotics, known as non-viable or ghost probiotics, have attracted attention for their benefits over live microbial cells. This study was designed to investigate the paraprobiotic effects of heat-killed Bacillus coagulans on the white leg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. The paraprobiotic formulation was prepared in three different concentrations including B.

Sustainable food packaging: Harnessing biowaste of Terminalia catappa L. for chitosan-based biodegradable active films for shrimp storage.

Shrimp, a globally consumed perishable food, faces rapid deterioration during storage and marketing, causing nutritional and economic losses. With a rising environmental consciousness regarding conventional plastic packaging, consumers seek sustainable options. Utilizing natural waste resources for packaging films strengthens the food industry.

Association of biological aging with frailty and post-transplant outcomes among adults with cirrhosis.

Frailty is classically associated with advanced age but is also an important predictor of clinical outcomes in comparatively young adults with cirrhosis. We examined the association of biological aging with frailty and post-transplant outcomes in a pilot of adults with cirrhosis undergoing liver transplantation (LT). Frailty was measured via the Liver Frailty Index (LFI).

Machine learning interpretable models of cell mechanics from protein images.

Cellular form and function emerge from complex mechanochemical systems within the cytoplasm. Currently, no systematic strategy exists to infer large-scale physical properties of a cell from its molecular components. This is an obstacle to understanding processes such as cell adhesion and migration.

Geriatric Services Hub - A Collaborative Frailty Management Model between The Hospital and Community Providers.

Background: Frailty is an important geriatric syndrome especially with ageing populations. Frailty can be managed or even reversed with community-based interventions delivered by a multi-disciplinary team. Innovation is required to find community frailty models that can deliver cost-effective and feasible care to each local context.

Variation in skeletal muscle mass among patients with cirrhosis of different self-identified race/ethnicity.

Skeletal muscle index (SMI) remains a strong predictor of mortality in cirrhosis patients. However, the extent to which SMI varies by race/ethnicity has not been fully evaluated. Among 317 patients, 55% identified themselves as non-Hispanic White (NHW), 26% Hispanic White (HW), 13% Asian, and 6% Black.

Association of Adolescents' Body Mass Index Classification With Preventive Clinical Care Receipt.

Purpose: To examine differences in screening and advising for modifiable risk behaviors during well-visits based on adolescents' body mass index categories.

Methods: Retrospective analyses were conducted with the National Institute of Health's NEXT Generation Health Study data, a nationally representative cohort of 10th graders. In wave 1 (2010), adolescents were classified as being underweight (<4.

Impact of exercise and leucine-enriched protein supplementation on physical function, body composition, and inflammation in pre-frail older adults: a quasi-experimental study.

Background: Exercise and a protein-enriched diet are essential for muscle protein synthesis, cellular growth, mitochondrial function, and immune function. The U.S.

π-Extended Pyrazinepyrene-Fused Zinc Phthalocyanines: Synthesis and Excited-State Charge Separation Involving Coordinated C.

A series of pyrazinepyrene-fused zinc phthalocyanines () have been newly synthesized by reacting quinoxaline and the corresponding diamino-functionalized phthalocyanines as a new class of π-extended phthalocyanine systems. Bathochromically shifted absorption as a function of the number of pyrazinepyrene entities due to extended π-conjugation and quenched fluorescence due to the presence of fused pyrazinepyrene were witnessed. The electronic structures of these phthalocyanines were probed by systematic computational and electrochemical studies, while the excited-state properties were examined by pump-probe spectroscopies operating at the femto- and nanosecond time scales.

Magnesium-Based Temporary Implants: Potential, Current Status, Applications, and Challenges.

Biomedical implants are important devices used for the repair or replacement of damaged or diseased tissues or organs. The success of implantation depends on various factors, such as mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and biodegradability of the materials used. Recently, magnesium (Mg)-based materials have emerged as a promising class of temporary implants due to their remarkable properties, such as strength, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and bioactivity.

Impact of Exercise and Cognitive Stimulation Therapy on Physical Function, Cognition and Muscle Mass in Pre-Frail Older Adults in the Primary Care Setting: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objectives: Multicomponent exercise program have shown to improve function and cognition in older adults but studies on pre-frail older adults in the primary care setting are limited. This study aimed i) to evaluate impact of 6 months exercise (Ex) versus complementary effect of 3 months of cognitive stimulation therapy (CST) to 6 months of Ex (Ex+CST) on physical function, muscle mass and cognition versus control group at 3, 6 and 12 months ii) inflammatory biomarkers such as Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α).

Design: Cluster randomised control trial.

Resistance to Thyroid Hormone Beta in a Patient Born to a Mother With Undiagnosed Graves' Disease.

Background/objective: Graves' disease is an autoimmune disease associated with high levels of circulating thyroid hormones (THs). Resistance to thyroid hormone beta (RTHβ) caused by mutations in the thyroid hormone receptor beta () gene also can lead to high TH levels. Here, we describe 2 related cases, one of a woman with Graves' disease, and her newborn with RTHβ.

A Dual Therapy of Nanostructured Lipid Carrier Loaded with Teriflunomide-A Dihydro-Orotate Dehydrogenase Inhibitor and an miR-155-Antagomir in Cuprizone-Induced C57BL/6J Mouse.

The effective treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS) has been challenging due to the limited ability of therapeutic agents to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In this study, we investigated the potential of nanocarrier systems to deliver miR-155-antagomir-teriflunomide (TEF) dual therapy to the brain via intranasal (IN) administration to manage MS-associated neurodegeneration and demyelination. Our results showed that the combinatorial therapy of miR-155-antagomir and TEF loaded in nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) significantly increased brain concentration and improved targeting potential.

The tele-liver frailty index (TeLeFI): development of a novel frailty tool in patients with cirrhosis via telemedicine.

Frailty is a critical determinant of outcomes in cirrhosis patients. The increasing use of telemedicine has created an unmet need for virtual frailty assessment. We aimed to develop a telemedicine-enabled frailty tool (tele-liver frailty index).