Delay in the diagnosis of dementia in urban India: Role of dementia subtype and age at onset.

Background: Early diagnosis of dementia is crucial for timely intervention. However, frequently, there is a substantial delay in diagnosis. Therefore, it is essential to recognise and address the barriers to early diagnosis.

Reversible Hemichorea with Severe Carotid Stenosis.

Background: We report a 74-year-old lady with hemichorea of 6 months duration due to severe carotid stenosis without cerebral infarction. Electroencephalography and single-photon emission computed tomography studies suggested hemispheric abnormality. Hemichorea resolved following carotid endarterectomy.

Clarithromycin-induced Seizures and Status Epilepticus.

Clarithromycin is a commonly used antibiotic. Neuropsychiatric adverse effects are recognized, but the occurrence of seizures and status epilepticus (SE) has been rarely reported. We report the case of an elderly patient who developed generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) followed by nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE), 2 days after starting clarithromycin.

Inferior parietal lobule gyrations in refractory epilepsy.

Posterior parietal epilepsy can be difficult to identify due to complex clinical presentation and non-localisable electrophysiological findings. The inferior parietal lobule (IPL) exhibits normal gyral variation, and hidden among this are cases of refractory surgically remediable epilepsies. We present a case series of four patients with refractory parietal epilepsy in which IPL gyral variation was associated with dysplasia, confirmed histopathologically in three of the cases.

Mild malformation of cortical development with oligodendroglial hyperplasia and epilepsy (MOGHE): a widespread disease with an apparently focal epilepsy.

Mild malformation of cortical development with oligodendroglial hyperplasia and epilepsy (MOGHE) is a recently recognized, highly epileptogenic, distinct histopathological entity in drug-resistant epilepsy that primarily involves the frontal lobes. Surgical outcomes in MOGHE are variable. Although the diagnosis is based on histopathology, high-resolution MRI helps to differentiate MOGHE preoperatively from other forms of cortical malformations (i.

Dual/double pathology in neurocysticercosis causing drug resistant epilepsy - Chance association or causal?

Introduction: Neurocysticercosis (NCC) as cause of drug resistant epilepsy (DRE) is commonly reported from India. We reviewed the neuropathological findings in patients undergoing resective surgery for DRE due to NCC, to determine the pathomechanism of epileptogenesis.

Methods: Clinical, demographic and neuropathological findings of histologically confirmed cases of NCC causing DRE between 2005-2019 were reviewed.

Apomorphine: The Initial Indian Experience in Relation to Response Tests and Pumps.

Background: Apomorphine is an option for continuous dopaminergic therapy in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, its effects in varied populations are limited due to its availability.

Objective: To assess the efficacy and outcomes of apomorphine in Indian patients.

Posterior quadrant disconnection for refractory epilepsy: A case series.

Objective: To analyze the surgical outcome and safety of posterior quadrant disconnection in medically refractory epilepsy arising from the posterior head region from a level IV tertiary care center over a period of three years.

Materials And Methods: Seven consecutive patients who underwent posterior quadrant disconnection for refractory epilepsy were analyzed.

Results: We analyzed the data of seven (n = 7) consecutive posterior quadrant epilepsy patients who underwent posterior quadrant disconnection with a mean age of 8.

Autosomal recessive bilateral frontal polymicrogyria with ectopia lentis and chorioretinal dystrophy.

Polymicrogyria is a type of cortical dysplasia with cortical organizational defect. Bilateral polymicrogyria are distinct with genetic basis in a subset. We hereby report a case of bilateral frontal polymicrogyria (BFP) in association with chorioretinal dystrophy and ectopia lentis (EL) in a 26-year-old lady born of a consanguineous parentage.

Ictal PET in presurgical workup of refractory extratemporal epilepsy.

Ictal Pet in presurgical workup of refractory epilepsy is seldom performed and limited due to technical difficulties. In carefully selected patient subset with frequent extratemporal seizures, ictal PET depicts 'seizure onset zone' with high spatial resolution even within a widespread pathology. We here depict a four year old with posterior quadrant dysplasia evaluated with ictal PET.

Role of electroencephalography in presurgical evaluation of temporal lobe epilepsy.

Surgery remains a therapeutic option for patients with medically refractory epilepsy. Comprehensive presurgical evaluation includes electroencephalography (EEG) and video EEG in identifying patients who are likely to benefit from surgery. Here, we discuss in detail the utility of EEG in presurgical evaluation of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy along with illustrative cases.

Varied aetiology of acute acquired comitant esotropia: A case series.

This is an observational case series of five cases of acute acquired comitant esotropia (AACE) with diplopia, aged between 5 and 12 years. The duration of presenting complaints ranged from 4 days to 2 months. A detailed ophthalmic evaluation and neuroimaging were done on all patients.

Ictal whistling: a rare automatism during temporal lobe seizures.

One of the most unusual ictal automatisms reported is whistling. Two patients, both males, are described who had prominent whistling as a component of their complex partial seizures. Both had temporal lobe epilepsy with resolution of seizures after a temporal lobectomy.

Novel SPG11 mutations in Asian kindreds and disruption of spatacsin function in the zebrafish.

Autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia with thin corpus callosum (HSP-TCC) maps to the SPG11 locus in the majority of cases. Mutations in the KIAA1840 gene, encoding spatacsin, have been shown to underlie SPG11-linked HSP-TCC. The aim of this study was to perform candidate gene analysis in HSP-TCC subjects from Asian families and to characterize disruption of spatacsin function during zebrafish development.

Acute subdural effusion in vasculitis.

We report a 29-year-old man with a unique presentation of vasculitis as acute unilateral subdural effusion and meningoencephalitis. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a brainstem lesion that spread to the thalamus over time. There were no systemic features of vasculitis other than a positive pathergy test.

Hereditary spastic paraplegia with a thin corpus callosum.

We report a 15-year-old boy with autosomal recessive complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia with a thin corpus callosum (HSP-TCC). The involvement of the corpus callosum was characteristic with the genu and body predominantly affected with relative sparing of the splenium. HSP-TCC is being increasingly recognized over a wider geographical area than earlier believed.