White Matter Alterations in Military Service Members With Remote Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.

Importance: Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is the signature injury experienced by military service members and is associated with poor neuropsychiatric outcomes. Yet, there is a lack of reliable clinical tools for mTBI diagnosis and prognosis.

Objective: To examine the white matter microstructure and neuropsychiatric outcomes of service members with a remote history of mTBI (ie, mTBI that occurred over 2 years ago) using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI).

Trends (2014-2018) in the healthiness of packaged food purchases of Australian consumers before and after the introduction of voluntary Health Star Rating nutrition labels.

Objective: To evaluate the trends in the healthiness of packaged food purchases of Australian consumers before and after the introduction of the Health Star Rating (HSR) nutrition labels.

Design: Panel data analysis and difference-in-differences analysis.

Setting: The Australian Government endorsed HSR nutrition labels for voluntary implementation on packaged foods in June 2014.

National income and macro-economic correlates of the double burden of malnutrition: an ecological study of adult populations in 188 countries over 42 years.

Background: The double burden of malnutrition (DBM) represents a growing global challenge with adverse health and economic consequences. We aimed to investigate the associative roles of national income (gross domestic product per capita [GDPPC]) and macro-environmental factors on the DBM trends among national adult populations.

Methods: In this ecological study we assembled extensive historical data on GDPPC from the World Bank World Development Indicators database and population-level DBM data of adults (aged ≥18 years) from the WHO Global Health Observatory database in 188 countries over 42 years (1975-2016).

Boosting Pseudocapacitive Behavior of Supercapattery Electrodes by Incorporating a Schottky Junction for Ultrahigh Energy Density.

Pseudo-capacitive negative electrodes remain a major bottleneck in the development of supercapacitor devices with high energy density because the electric double-layer capacitance of the negative electrodes does not match the pseudocapacitance of the corresponding positive electrodes. In the present study, a strategically improved Ni-Co-Mo sulfide is demonstrated to be a promising candidate for high energy density supercapattery devices due to its sustained pseudocapacitive charge storage mechanism. The pseudocapacitive behavior is enhanced when operating under a high current through the addition of a classical Schottky junction next to the electrode-electrolyte interface using atomic layer deposition.

Exploration of marine red seaweed as a dietary fish meal replacement and its potentiality on growth, hematological, biochemical, and enzyme activity in freshwater fish Labeo rohita.

The present study investigated the dietary fishmeal replacement by marine red seaweed (Halymenia dilatata) meal (RSM) on growth performance, feed utilization, chemical body composition, hematological constituents, digestive, antioxidant, and metabolic enzymes in freshwater fish Labeo rohita (Rohu) fingerlings. The fish were fed with RSM-free control diet (RSM0) and four experimental diets, which replaced fish meal (FM) with varying levels of RSM (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%, represented as RSM25, RSM50, RSM75, and RSM100 respectively). After a 60-day feeding trial, the survival rate (SR), growth performance (length gain, weight gain, and specific growth rate), protein efficiency ratio, chemical body composition (protein, lipid, and ash), and digestive enzymes (amylase and protease) were significantly increased (P < 0.

Electrophysiological and behavioral effects of unilateral and bilateral rTMS; A randomized clinical trial on rumination and depression.

Background: Rumination is significantly frequent in major depressive disorder (MDD). However, not a lot of studies have investigated the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on rumination.

Methods: 61 participants with a minimum Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) score of 20 were randomly assigned to sham, bilateral stimulation (BS) or unilateral stimulation (US) groups.

Sex differences in rTMS treatment response: A deep learning-based EEG investigation.

Introduction: The present study aimed to investigate sex differences in response to repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) patients. Identifying the factors that mediate treatment response to rTMS in MDD patients can guide clinicians to administer more appropriate, reliable, and personalized interventions.

Methods: In this paper, we developed a novel pipeline based on convolutional LSTM-based deep learning (DL) to classify 25 female and 25 male patients based on their rTMS treatment response.

Comprehensive evaluation of patterns of hypoglycemia unawareness (HUA) and glycemic variability (GV) in patients with fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes (FCPD): A cross-sectional study from South India.

Objectives: Hypoglycemia unawareness (HUA) in patients with FCPD is common with an unclear etiology. We evaluated the prevalence, characteristics of HUA, glycemic variability (GV), its possible association with pancreatic glucagon secretion & cardiac autonomic function in patients with FCPD.

Methods: A two-week ambulatory glucose profile (AGP) and cardiac autonomic function test was done in patients with FCPD (n = 60), and categorized into UNAWARE (n = 44) and AWARE (n = 16) groups based on the Hypoglycemia Unawareness Index (HUI) score.

Multilayer Strategy for Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Generation: New Electrode Architecture that Alleviates Multiple Bottlenecks.

Years of research have demonstrated that the use of multiple components is essential to the development of a commercial photoelectrode to address specific bottlenecks, such as low charge separation and injection efficiency, low carrier diffusion length and lifetime, and poor durability. A facile strategy for the synthesis of multilayered photoanodes from atomic-layer-deposited ultrathin films has enabled a new type of electrode architecture with a total multilayer thickness of 15-17 nm. We illustrate the advantages of this electrode architecture by using nanolayers to address different bottlenecks, thus producing a multilayer photoelectrode with improved interface kinetics and shorter electron transport path, as determined by interface analyses.

DGSLSTM: Deep Gated Stacked Long Short-Term Memory Neural Network for Traffic Flow Forecasting of Transportation Networks on Big Data Environment.

Deep learning and big data techniques have become increasingly popular in traffic flow forecasting. Deep neural networks have also been applied to traffic flow forecasting. Furthermore, it is difficult to determine whether neural networks can be used for accurate traffic flow prediction.

Surface Roughening Strategy for Highly Efficient Bifunctional Electrocatalyst: Combination of Atomic Layer Deposition and Anion Exchange Reaction.

Electrocatalytic water splitting, which is an interface-dominated process, can be significantly accelerated by increasing the number of front-line surface active sites (N ) of the electrocatalyst. In this study, a unique method is used for increasing the N by converting the smooth ultrathin atomic-layer-deposited nanoshells of the electrocatalysts into nano-roughened active shell layers using a controlled anion-exchange reaction (AER). The coarse thin nanoshells present abundant surface active sites, which are generated owing to the inherent unit-cell volume mismatch induced during the AER.

Removal of hexavalent chromium by biochar derived from Azadirachta indica leaves: Batch and column studies.

This report details the preparation, characterization, and applications of an inexpensive adsorbent obtained from Azadirachta indica leaves (Neem biochar (NBC)) and used to remove Cr(VI) from the synthetic waste water. The obtained NBC was characterized by XRD, FTIR, FESEM, EDX and Zeta potential measurements. Adsorption experiments conducted at various pH levels confirmed that 58.

Three-Dimensional Hierarchical Core/shell Electrodes Using Highly Conformal TiO and CoO Thin Films for High-Performance Supercapattery Devices.

The rational design and development of novel electrode materials with promising nanostructures is an effective technique to improve their supercapacitive performance. This work presents high-performance core/shell electrodes based on three-dimensional hierarchical nanostructures coated with conformal thin transition-metal oxide layers using atomic layer deposition (ALD). This effective interface engineering creates disorder in the electronic structure and coordination environment at the interface of the heteronanostructure, which provides many more reaction sites and rapid ion diffusion.

International Prevalence and Correlates of Psychological Stress during the Global COVID-19 Pandemic.

This study reports perceived stress and associated sociodemographic factors from an international sample of adults, during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) along with socio-demographic questions were conducted between 8 April 2020 and 11 May 2020. The survey was translated from English into five languages.

The association between national income and adult obesity prevalence: Empirical insights into temporal patterns and moderators of the association using 40 years of data across 147 countries.

Background: At a country level, population obesity prevalence is often associated with economic affluence, reflecting a potential adverse outcome concomitant with economic growth. We estimated the pattern and strength of the empirically observed relationship between national income and adult obesity prevalence, and the moderating role of countries' macro-environments on this relationship.

Methods: We assembled data on national obesity prevalence, income and a range of variables that characterize macro-environments related to 147 countries from multiple international organizations and databases.

Acetate Kinase (AcK) is Essential for Microbial Growth and Betel-derived Compounds Potentially Target AcK, PhoP and MDR Proteins in M. tuberculosis, V. cholerae and Pathogenic E. coli: An in silico and in vitro Study.

Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Vibrio cholerae, and pathogenic Escherichia coli are global concerns for public health. The emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains of these pathogens is creating additional challenges in controlling infections caused by these deadly bacteria. Recently, we reported that Acetate kinase (AcK) could be a broad-spectrum novel target in several bacteria including these pathogens.

Heavy metal content in tea soils and their distribution in different parts of tea plants, Camellia sinensis (L). O. Kuntze.

Soils contaminated with heavy metals may pose a threat to environment and human health if metals enter the food chain over and above threshold levels. In general, there is a lack of information on the presence of heavy metals in tea [Camellia sinensis (L). O.

Outcome of Prevention of Parent-to-Child Transmission of HIV in an Urban Population in Southern India.

Objective: To analyze the outcomes of Prevention of Parent to Child Transmission (PPTCT) of HIV program in an urban Southern Indian setting.

Design: Observational study.

Setting: Anti-retroviral Therapy (ART) Centers/ Integrated Counseling and Testing Centers (ICTC) at four government Obstetrics Institutes in an urban area.

Survey on the pesticide residues in tea in south India.

Tea is considered as a 'health beverage' due its antioxidant properties and resultant beneficial effects on human health. Such a beverage should be free from toxic elements such as pesticide residues and heavy metals. A large scale survey of teas produced in the tea factories of south India had been carried out for a period of three years from 2006 to 2008 and 912 tea samples were analysed for the residues of certain pesticides such as dicofol, ethion, quinalphos, hexaconazole, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate and propargite which are used for pest and disease control in tea in this part of the country.

Biodegradation of propargite by Pseudomonas putida, isolated from tea rhizosphere.

Biodegradation of miticide propargite was carried out in vitro by selected Pseudomonas strains isolated from tea rhizosphere. A total number of 13 strains were isolated and further screened based on their tolerance level to different concentrations of propargite. Five best strains were selected and further tested for their nutritional requirements.

Residues of lambda-cyhalothrin in tea.

Field experiments were conducted at two places in Tamil Nadu (India) during dry season of 2006 to determine the residues of lambda-cyhalothrin in fresh green tea leaves and black tea. Residues were quantified at different harvest intervals of '0' (3h), 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 10th and 14th day after insecticide application. Persistence, dissipation pattern, half-life value and safe harvest interval of the insecticide in tea were calculated.

Enhanced production of laccase from Coriolus versicolor NCIM 996 by nutrient optimization using response surface methodology.

Plackett and Burman design criterion and central composite design were applied successfully for enhanced production of laccase by Coriolus versicolor NCIM 996 for the first time. Plackett and Burman design criterion was applied to screen the significance of ten nutrients on laccase production by C. versicolor NCIM 996.

Synthesis, antimycobacterial activity evaluation, and QSAR studies of chalcone derivatives.

In order to develop relatively small molecules as antimycobacterial agents, twenty-five chalcones were synthesized, their activity was evaluated, and quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) was developed. The synthesis was based on the Claisen-Schimdt scheme and the resultant compounds were tested for antitubercular activity by luciferase reporter phage (LRP) assay. Compound C(24) was found to be the most active ( approximately 99%) in this series based on the percentage reduction in Relative Light Units at both 50 and 100 microg/ml levels, followed by compound C(21).