Polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with atherogenic changes in lipoprotein particle number and size independent of body weight.

Objective: Adverse changes in lipoprotein particle number and size are common with insulin resistance and are associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Comprehensive information regarding lipoprotein particle number and size, and how these parameters relate to body weight, insulin resistance and hyperandrogenemia is lacking in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). We tested the hypothesis that PCOS is associated with atherogenic changes in lipoprotein profile independent of body weight and examined the role of insulin resistance and androgens in these atherogenic changes.

Standard clinical practice underestimates the role and significance of erythropoietin deficiency in sickle cell disease.

In sickle cell disease (SCD), vigorous reticulocytosis is required to partially compensate for chronic hemolytic anaemia. Consequently, early renal damage, insufficient to cause azotemia but sufficient to cause erythropoietin deficiency and chronic relative reticulocytopenia (chRR), could have severe clinical consequences. chRR was defined as reticulocytes <250×10(9) /l despite haemoglobin <9 g/dl on ≥ two occasions ≥4 weeks apart.

Selective destruction of mouse islet beta cells by human T lymphocytes in a newly-established humanized type 1 diabetic model.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is caused by a T cell-mediated autoimmune response that leads to the loss of insulin-producing beta cells. The optimal preclinical testing of promising therapies would be aided by a humanized immune-mediated T1D model. We develop this model in NOD-scid IL2rgamma(null) mice.