First report of European truffle ectomycorrhiza in the semi-arid climate of Saudi Arabia.

Vittad. (Black or Périgord truffle) is a truffle native to the Mediterranean Southern Europe, popular for its unique flavor, and has great economic importance. The present work focused on assessing the possibility of cultivating associated with L.

Co-encapsulation of vitamins B and D using spray drying: Wall material optimization, product characterization, and release kinetics.

Spray drying is the most commonly used encapsulation technique to stabilize sensitive bioactive compounds and sometimes enhances their performance. Vitamin B and vitamin D deficiencies are reported worldwide and co-encapsulation can provide a combined solution to this problem. The present work aimed at encapsulation of vitamin B and D by spray drying using experimental design to optimize wall material combination.