Assessment of Heme and Non-Heme Iron Intake and Its Dietary Sources among Adults in Armenia.

Adequate dietary iron (Fe) intake is crucial for preventing Fe-deficient anemia, a recognized global public health concern which is important in Armenia. This study aimed to analyze the intake of Fe, both heme (from animal tissues) and non-heme (more prevalent, but less efficiently absorbed), as well as the Fe dietary sources, among adults in a representative national sample in Armenia. The study was conducted on 1400 individuals aged 18-80 and above, who were enrolled from all regions of Armenia.

Risk assessment of dietary exposure to trace elements that are reproductive toxicants: Lead, molybdenum and nickel. The case study of Armenia.

The research aimed to assess dietary exposure to developmental toxicants (Mo, Ni, Pb) among the Armenian adult female population of reproductive age (18-49 years). Commonly consumed foods with a daily intake of more than 1 g in Armenia have been selected to assess the occurrence of Mo, Ni, and Pb. Food consumption data among the adult population in Armenia were collected in the frame of the national survey via 24-h recall method.

Health risks of heavy metals in food and their economic burden in Armenia.

Mining leads to excessive heavy metal contamination of agricultural products in Armenia and can adversely impact human health. We quantify the concentrations of toxic heavy metals (lead, nickel, cadmium, and mercury) in food sampled from local markets of the capital city, Yerevan. We combine these measured concentrations with data from a diet survey of 1,195 people.

Assessing Dietary Intakes from Household Budget Survey in Armenia, 2008-2019.

Household budget surveys are used regularly to estimate dietary intakes. The study aims to assess the trends in food consumption and nutrient intake, according to 14 dietary indicators from household budget surveys in Armenia. Data on food consumption was obtained from Armenian Integrated Living Conditions Surveys, 2008-2019.

Risk Characterization of the Armenian Population to Nickel: Application of Deterministic and Probabilistic Approaches to a Total Diet Study in Yerevan City.

Nickel (Ni) is a widespread metal that occurs in food and drinking water from both natural and anthropogenic sources. Oral exposure to Ni can induce a variety of adverse effects; the European Food Safety Authority established a tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 13 μg/kg bw and a lowest-observed-adverse-effect level (LOAEL) of 4.3 μg/kg bw to assess the risk of allergic reactions upon acute exposure.

Risk assessment of uptake of trace elements through consumption of cereals: a pilot study in Yerevan, Armenia.

The study aimed to assess the dietary exposure and related human health risks associated with trace elements through the intake of staple cereals, including buckwheat, rice, and emmer. The contents of Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Mercury (Hg), Nickel (Ni), Molybdenum (Mo), Iron (Fe), and Copper (Cu) were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Cereal consumption data were obtained through a Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire amongst the Yerevan adult population.

Trans-Fatty Acids in Fast-Food and Intake Assessment for Yerevan's Population, Armenia.

There are stringent regulations applicable for trans-fatty acid (TFA) limitations from food supply across the world. However, in Armenia, there is a scarcity of data on TFA content in food products and their consumption levels. Considering that fast-food is among the major contributors to TFA intake, this study aims to assess the dietary exposure of TFAs through the consumption of fast-food in Yerevan, Armenia.

The Effect of Trans Fatty Acids on Human Health: Regulation and Consumption Patterns.

Health effects of trans fatty acids (TFAs) on human organisms can vary according to their type, structure, composition, and origin. Even though the adverse health effects of industrial TFAs (iTFAs) have been widely discussed, the health effects of natural TFAs (nTFAs) are still questionable. Hence, it is important to review the literature and provide an overall picture on the health effects of different TFAs coming from industrial and ruminant sources, underlining those types that have adverse health effects as well as suggesting methods for reducing their harmful effects.

Health risk assessment of toxicologically relevant residues in emerging countries: A pilot study on Malachite Green residues in farmed freshwater fish of Armenia.

Malachite Green (MG) has a worldwide application in aquaculture as a therapeutic agent; however, its use in food producing animals is illegal, due to potential carcinogenicity and persistence of residues. This pilot study, the first conducted in Armenia, aimed to determine the concentration of MG residues in flesh of fish grown in artificial ponds of Armenia and conduct dietary exposure assessment to characterize possible health risks to consumers. Detection of MG residues, including the major metabolite leucomalachite, was carried out in 29 fish composite samples by ELISA.

Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk assessment of trace elements and POPs in honey from Shirak and Syunik regions of Armenia.

Honey is a highly nutritious natural product widely produced and consumed by people in Shirak and Syunik regions of Armenia. Unlike Shirak, Syunik is under the impact of mining industry. Since the environmental pollution can adversely impact the safety of honey and entail a probable risk to human health, it is important to evaluate the presence of potentially toxic trace elements in honey samples from both regions and draw comparisons.

Health Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Trace and Elements in Vegetables Grown Under the Impact of Kajaran Mining Complex.

Mining industry is one of the priority sectors of Armenia's economy. However, mining complexes without treatment facilities, such as those in Armenia, have adverse environmental impact. Moreover, soil contamination can pose a potential risk to human health, particularly, through the consumption of food crops.