The Serum S100B Level as a Biomarker of Enteroglial Activation in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis.

Objective. Recent studies have demonstrated that enteric glial cells (EGC) participate in the homeostasis of the gastrointestinal tract. This study investigated whether enteroglial markers, including S100B protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), can serve as noninvasive indicators of EGC activation and disease activity in UC patients.

Elevated neurofilament light chain (NFL) mRNA levels in prediabetic peripheral neuropathy.

Evidence suggests that peripheral nerve injury occurs during the early stages of disease with mild glycemic dysregulation. Two proteins, neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and neurofilament light chain (NFL), have been examined previously as possible markers of neuronal damage in the pathophysiology of neuropathies. Herein, we aimed to determine the potential value of circulatory NSE and NFL mRNA levels in prediabetic patients and in those with peripheral neuropathy.

Is serum S100B protein an useful biomarker in migraine?

Experimental data have demonstrated a role for S100B protein through the release of proinflammatory cytokines, following trigeminal nerve activation, implicated in the pathology of migraine. We investigated serum levels of S100B protein, as a peripheral glial biomarker, in patients with migraine. In total, 49 migraineurs and 35 age- and gender-matched controls were enrolled in this prospective clinical study.

S100B as a glial cell marker in diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

Evidence suggests that acute and chronic hyperglycemia can cause oxidative stress in the peripheral nervous system which, in turn, can promote the development of diabetic neuropathy. Recent studies have found increased expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and S100B, both of which are indicators of glial reactivity, in the neural and retinal tissues of diabetic rats. For the first time in the literature, the serum levels of GFAP and S100B were assessed in patients with diabetes to evaluate the potential of these factors to serve as peripheral glial biomarkers of diabetes and to investigate their relationship to diabetic peripheral neuropathy.