Substituent-controlled construction of AB-hexaphyrins and AB-porphyrins: a mechanistic evaluation.

A substituent-dependent construction of novel AB-porphyrins along with AB-hexaphyrins was realized by the reactions of -tosylimines and -aryl-substituted tripyrranes in the presence of Cu(OTf) as the catalyst. The reaction mechanism of the presented method was studied on model reactions by electrospray-ionization time-of-flight (HRESI-TOF) mass spectral analysis in a timely manner. The analytical results indicated that the observed azafulvene-ended di- and tripyrrolic intermediates are responsible for the formation of porphyrinogen and hexaphyrinogen forms.

Effects of gadodiamide and gadoteric acid on lung tissue: A comparative study.

We set out to investigate the effects of gadodiamide and gadoteric acid, used for magnetic resonance imaging, on the lungs. In this study, 32 male Sprague Dawley rats were used. These were allocated into four groups; The first group (control) was untreated.

Comparison of effects of dexmedetomidine and amifostine against X-ray radiation-induced parotid damage.

Radiotherapy can be employed as a therapeutic modality alone in the early stages of cancer and is used together with other treatments such as surgery and chemotherapy in more advanced stages. However, exposure to ionizing radiation in association with radiotherapy affects several organs in the head and neck and can give rise to early and late side effects. Exposure to ionizing radiation used in radiotherapy is known to cause cell damage by leading to oxygen stress through the production of free oxygen radicals (such as superoxide radicals, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide, and singlet oxygen), depending on the total radiation dosage, the fractionation rate, radiosensitivity, and linear energy transfer.

Effect of the prenatal electromagnetic field exposure on cochlear nucleus neurons and oligodendrocytes in rats.

Electromagnetic radiation from elecromagnetic field (EMF) sources has been an important health concern for a long time. The vast majority of this exposure is due to the widespread use of mobile phones, an important source of the EMF. The EMF generated by mobile phones may have adverse effects on the various biological structures that regulate the body system and function.

Can Dexmedetomidine Be Effective in the Protection of Radiotherapy-Induced Brain Damage in the Rat?

Approximately 7 million people are reported to be undergoing radiotherapy (RT) at any one time in the world. However, it is still not possible to prevent damage to secondary organs that are off-target. This study, therefore, investigated the potential adverse effects of RT on the brain, using cognitive, histopathological, and biochemical methods, and the counteractive effect of the α2-adrenergic receptor agonist dexmedetomidine.

Effects of long-term Doppler ultrasound exposure on cochlea and cochlear nucleus in prenatal period in an experimental model.

Background: New generation Doppler ultrasonography (DUSG) application effects on cochlea and cochlear nucleus (CN) are unclear. We aimed to investigate the effects of new generation DUSG application at different frequencies in prenatal period on cochlea and CN in rats.

Objective: Twenty-four pregnant female rats were divided into three groups ( = 8).

The effect of white tea on serum TNF-α/NF-κB and immunohistochemical parameters in cisplatin-related renal dysfunction in female rats.

Objective: Nephrotoxicity is the most important side effect of the antineoplastic drug cisplatin, thereby restricting its use. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of white tea infusions (WT) against renal damage induced by cisplatin (CP) in rats by biochemical and histopathological means.

Materials And Methods: This study used 24 female Sprague Dawley rats at 12-14 weeks of age and weighing 250-300 g.

Effects of gadolinium-based MRI contrast agents on liver tissue.

Background: MRI with contrast is often used clinically. However, recent studies have reported a high accumulation of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) in kidney, liver, and spleen tissues in several mouse models.

Purpose: To compare the effects on liver tissue of gadolinium-based MRI contrast agents in the light of biochemical and histopathological evaluation.

An efficient removal of RB5 from aqueous solution by adsorption onto nano-ZnO/Chitosan composite beads.

In this study, the removal of Reactive Black 5 (RB-5) by nano-ZnO/Chitosan composite beads (nano-ZnO/CT-CB) from aqueous solution was investigated. ZnO nanoparticles were prepared by the via the microwave-assisted combustion technique. And then nano-ZnO/Chitosan composite beads were prepared by polymerization in the presence of nano-ZnO and chitosan.