Uranyl nitrate: 91-day exposure and recovery studies in the male New Zealand white rabbit.

This study was undertaken to examine the reversibility of renal injury in the male New Zealand White rabbit subsequent to a 91-day exposure to uranyl nitrate (UN) in drinking water, followed by various recovery periods. Specific pathogen-free (SPF) animals were exposed for 91 days to UN in their drinking water (24 or 600 mg UN/L). Control groups were given municipal tap water (< 0.

Uranyl nitrate: 91-day toxicity studies in the New Zealand white rabbit.

These studies were undertaken to derive a lowest-observed-adverse-effect level (LOAEL) in the New Zealand White rabbit following a 91-day exposure to uranium (U, as uranyl nitrate hexahydrate, UN) in drinking water. Males were exposed for 91 days to UN in their drinking water (0.96, 4.

Uranyl nitrate: 28-day and 91-day toxicity studies in the Sprague-Dawley rat.

Although uranium (U) is a classic experimental nephrotoxin, there are few data on its potential long-term chemical toxicity. These studies were undertaken to derive a no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats following 91-day exposure to uranium (as uranyl nitrate hexahydrate, UN) in drinking water. Following a 28-day range-finding study, five groups of 15 male and 15 female weanling rats were exposed for 91 days to UN in drinking water (0.

Short-term dermal toxicity and mutagenicity of coal coprocessing products in the rat.

The present study was conducted to determine the dermal toxicity of coal coprocessing products and to assess their potential health hazards. Groups of 10 male and 10 female Sprague-Dawley rats were administered dermally coal coprocessing products (light gas oil, LGO; heavy gas oil I, HGOI; heavy gas oil II, HGOII) at 1 g/kg body weight/d for 14 d. The control and positive control groups received normal saline and a coal liquefaction product (CLP) at the same dose level, respectively.

Toxicological assessment of chlorinated diphenyl ethers in the rat, Part II.

Chlorinated diphenyl ethers (CDE's) are environmental contaminants that have been found in Great Lakes fish. Because of the paucity of toxicity data and potential for human exposure, the present short-term study was conducted to assess their potential toxic effects. Groups of 10 male and 10 female rats were administered the three CDE congeners (2,2',4,4',5-pentachlorodiphenyl ether (PCDE), 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorodiphenyl ether (HCDE), 2,2',3,4,4',6,6'-heptachlorodiphenyl ether (HPCDE] in diets at levels of 0.

Toxicological assessment of chlorinated diphenyl ethers in the rat.

Chlorinated diphenyl ethers are environmental contaminants that have been found in Great Lakes fish and birds. Because of their presence in the food chain, and potential for human exposure, the present short-term study was conducted to assess their toxicity. Groups of 10 male and 10 female rats were each given by gavage 2,2',4,4'6-pentachlorodiphenyl ether (CDE1), 2,2',4,4',5,6-hexachlorodiphenyl ether (CDE2) or 2,2',3,3',4,6'-hexachlorodiphenyl ether (CDE3) at dose levels of 0.

Reproduction study of toxaphene in the rat.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate in rats the reproductive effects of toxaphene, an insecticidal mixture which has been identified as a pollutant in the Great Lakes ecosystem. Groups of 30 female and 15 male weanling rats were given toxaphene in the diets at 0, 4.0, 20, 100 or 500 ppm in a 1 generation 2 litter reproduction study.

Trichlorobenzenes: results of a thirteen week feeding study in the rat.

Trichlorobenzenes (TRCBs) are industrial chemicals and environmental pollutants found in Great Lakes fish. The present study was carried out to provide information on the toxic effects of these chemicals in mammals. Groups of male and female weanling rats were fed diets containing TRCB isomers at 1, 10, 100 or 1000 ppm for 13 weeks.

Dermal toxicity of a high-boiling (bp 250-450 degrees C) coal liquefaction product in the rat--II.

Coal liquefaction products have been considered as an alternate source of energy to replace conventional crude oil. The present study was designed to investigate the dermal toxicity of a heavy fraction of coal liquefaction product (CLP, bp 250-450 degrees C) in the rat. Groups of 10 male and 10 female Sprague-Dawley rats (180-200 g) were treated dermally with CLP at dose levels of 100, 200, 400, or 800 mg/kg body weight.

Pentachlorotoluene and pentabromotoluene: results of a subacute and a subchronic toxicity study in the rat.

Pentachlorotoluene (PCT) and pentabromotoluene (PBT) are environmental contaminants detected in the Great Lakes ecosystem. In view of the paucity of toxicity data and the potential for human exposure, a subacute (28 day) and a subchronic (91 day) study were conducted in the rat. In the subacute study, groups of 10 male and 10 female rats were fed the diet containing PCT or PBT at 0, 0.

Toxicity of toxaphene in the rat and beagle dog.

Residues of the insecticidal mixture, toxaphene, have been found in Great Lakes fish. The purpose of the present study was to assess the subchronic toxicity of toxaphene in the rat and beagle dog. In the rat study, groups of 10 male and 10 female animals were fed diets containing 0, 4, 20, 100, or 500 ppm of the test compound for 13 weeks.

Long-term toxicity of octachlorostyrene in the rat.

This study was designed to investigate the toxic effects produced by the long-term exposure to octachlorostyrene (OCS), a demonstrated environmental contaminant in the Great Lakes region of North America and the Norwegian Coast in Europe. Groups of 20 male and 20 female rats were administered OCS in diets at 0.005, 0.

Results of a 90-day toxicity study on 1,2,3- and 1,1,2-trichloropropane administered via the drinking water.

Trichloropropanes have been identified as environmental contaminants in sediments of the Great Lakes region of North America. Since these chemicals had the potential to find their way into drinking water, a 90-day feeding study was carried out in order to determine their subchronic toxicity. Groups of 10 male and 10 female weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were supplied drinking water ad libitum, containing 1,2,3- or 1,1,2-trichloropropane at concentrations of 1, 10, 100 or 1000 mg/L for 13 weeks.

Octachlorostyrene: a 90-day toxicity study in the rat.

This study was designed to provide information on the subchronic toxicity of octachlorostyrene (OCS), a demonstrated environmental pollutant in fish from the Great Lakes of North America and the Norwegian coast in Europe. Groups of 15 male and 15 female rats were administered OCS mixed in the diet at 0.05, 0.

Toxicity of trichlorotoluene isomers: a 28-day feeding study in the rat.

Groups of 10 male and 10 female rats were fed alpha,alpha,alpha-, alpha,2,6- or 2,3,6- trichlorotoluene (TCT) in their diet at 0, 0.5, 5.0, 50 or 500 ppm for 28 days.

Toxicity of 1,2,3,4-, 1,2,3,5- and 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene in the rat: results of a 90-day feeding study.

Tetrachlorobenzenes (TCB) are industrial chemicals which have been used as intermediates for chemical synthesis and for electrical insulation. Recently TCB residues have been found in Great Lakes fish. The present study was designed to determine the subchronic toxicity of these compounds.

Comparative toxicity of 1,2,3,4-, 1,2,4,5-, and 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene in the rat: results of acute and subacute studies.

Groups of 10 male and 10 female rats were dosed orally with 1,2,3,4-, 1,2,4,5-, or 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene (TCB) at levels that ranged from 200 to 4000 mg/kg, and were observed clinically for 14 d. LD50 values for 1,2,3,4-, 1,2,4,5-, and 1,2,3,5-TCB were found to be 1470, 3105, and 2297 mg/kg, respectively, in male rats. In females, the LD50 values were found to be 1167 and 1727 mg/kg for 1,2,3,4- and 1,2,3,5-TCB, respectively.

The tissue distribution, metabolism, and excretion of octachlorostyrene in the rat.

The tissue distribution, metabolism, and elimination of 14C-octachlorostyrene (OCS) were studied in the rat. OCS was absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration and distributed in all tissues examined. The highest concentrations were found in fat followed by adrenal glands, skin, and lungs.

Acute and subacute toxicity of octachlorostyrene in the rat.

This study was designed to investigate the acute and subacute toxicity of octachlorostyrene (OCS), a demonstrated environmental pollutant in fish from the Great Lakes and off the Norwegian coast in Europe. In an acute study, groups of 10 male rats were given by gavage single doses of OCS at 1300, 1690, 2190, 2850, or 3710 mg/kg and killed 14 d later. Octachlorostyrene at a dose of 1690 mg/kg and higher caused increased liver weight, increased hepatic microsomal aniline hydroxylase and aminopyrine demethylase activities, and increased serum cholesterol and uric acid levels.

Trihalomethanes: II. Reversibility of toxicological changes produced by chloroform, bromodichloromethane, chlorodibromomethane and bromoform in rats.

Groups of 20 male and 20 female rats were fed 0, 5, 50, 500 or 2500 ppm trihalomethanes (chloroform, bromodichloromethane, chlorodibromomethane and bromoform) in their drinking water for 90 days. Ten rats from each group were killed at this time and the remaining animals were fed tap water for a further 90 days before they were sacrificed. Suppression of growth rate was observed in male and female rats fed 2500 ppm chloroform and bromodichloromethane (BDCM) for 90 days.

Toxicity of trihalomethanes: I. The acute and subacute toxicity of chloroform, bromodichloromethane, chlorodibromomethane and bromoform in rats.

In an acute study, groups of 10 male and 10 female rats were given single oral doses of chloroform, bromodichloromethane (BDCM), chlorodibromomethane (CDBM), or bromoform and were observed for clinical symptoms for the following 14 days. Median lethal doses (LD 50) of the four trihalomethanes were found to be between 848 and 1388 mg/kg. Some groups which survived the treatment for 14 days showed reduced food intake, growth retardation and increased liver and kidney weight.