New quantitative parameters for evaluating radionuclide cystography and their value in understanding the physiology of reflux.

Unlabelled: In this descriptive study of radionuclide cystography, time-activity curves were generated from renal pelves with reflux and evaluated to reveal the physiology of the reflux. The generated new parameters were also evaluated for any correlation with the frequency of urinary tract infections and renal scarring.

Methods: Thirty-two children with reflux to the renal pelvis (36 refluxing units) were included.

A survey of pediatric intensive care services in Turkey.

The aim of this study was to describe and assess the structure, organization, and staffing of pediatric intensive care services in Turkey. A survey was sent to major university and government hospitals. Out of the 40 hospitals stating to provide pediatric intensive care, 34 responded to the survey (85% response rate).

Nebulised L-epinephrine and steroid combination in the treatment of moderate to severe croup.

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of nebulised L-epinephrine in combination with systemic or nebulised corticosteroid with that of cool mist and systemic corticosteroids in the treatment of moderate to severe croup.

Patients And Methods: Children were eligible for study if they presented to the emergency department with a moderate to severe croup. Patients were randomly assigned to three groups: group 1, cool mist and intramuscular dexamethasone (n = 26); group 2, nebulised L-epinephrine and intramuscular dexamethasone (n = 31); group 3, nebulised L-epinephrine and nebulised budesonide (n = 19).

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis presenting with bilateral transient amaurosis.

A 4-year-old male presented with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis with seizures and transient amaurosis after initial symptoms of a flulike febrile infection 1 week earlier. Immunoglobulin M type antibody titers against Mycoplasma pneumoniae were significantly increased in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. The patient improved appreciably on immunosuppressive therapy with immunoglobulin.