Glutamine withdrawal leads to the preferential activation of lipid metabolism in metastatic colorectal cancer.

Introduction: Glutamine is a non-essential amino acid that is critical for cell growth. However, the differential metabolism of l-glutamine in metastatic versus primary colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been evaluated adequately.

Materials And Methods: Differential expression of glutamine-related genes was determined in primary versus metastatic CRC.

Breast Cancer Plasticity after Chemotherapy Highlights the Need for Re-Evaluation of Subtyping in Residual Cancer and Metastatic Tissues.

This research paper presents a novel approach to identifying biomarkers that can be used to prognosticate patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) eligible for neoadjuvant therapy. The study utilized survival and RNA sequencing data from a cohort of TNBC patients and identified 276 genes whose expression was related to survival in such patients. The gene expression data were then used to classify patients into two major groups based on the presence or absence of Wingless/Integrated-pathway (Wnt-pathway) and mesenchymal (Mes) markers (Wnt/Mes).

CSRP1 expression is associated with a mesenchymal, stroma-rich tumor profile and poor prognosis in colon cancer.

Background/aim: Cysteine and glycine-rich protein 1 (CSRP1) is involved in the cysteine-rich protein family and is a marker of smooth muscle lineages. In colon cancer, the expression of this gene is associated with poor prognosis. In this study, the aim was to reevaluate its prognostic relationship in independent cohorts and explore potential underlying biological processes that are linked to aggressive behavior in tumors with high CSRP1 expression, such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), stromal fractions in the tumor microenvironment, and consensus molecular subtypes (CMSs).

Enterotoxins A and B produced by increase cell proliferation, invasion and cytarabine resistance in acute myeloid leukemia cell lines.

As in the case of cancer, the risk of infection increases when the host's immune system is not working properly. It has been shown that toxins produced by the bacteria responsible for bacterial infections can alter the properties of cancer cells as well as their sensitivity to chemotherapy agents. () is one of the most prevalent pathogens in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and it produces several virulence factors, including Staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) and Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB).

A Novel Gene List Identifies Tumors with a Stromal-Mesenchymal Phenotype and Worse Prognosis in Gastric Cancer.

Background: Molecular biomarkers that predict disease progression can help identify tumor subtypes and shape treatment plans. In this study, we aimed to identify robust biomarkers of prognosis in gastric cancer based on transcriptomic data obtained from primary gastric tumors.

Methods: Microarray, RNA sequencing, and single-cell RNA sequencing-based gene expression data from gastric tumors were obtained from public databases.

A positive feedback loop driven by fibronectin and IL-1β sustains the inflammatory microenvironment in breast cancer.

Inflammatory alterations of the extracellular matrix shape the tumor microenvironment and promote all stages of carcinogenesis. This study aims to determine the impact of cellular fibronectin on inflammatory facets of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in breast cancer. Cellular fibronectin (FN) harboring the alternatively spliced extra domain A (FN-EDA) was determined to be a matrix component produced by the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells.

Transcriptomic Analysis of Hepatitis B Infected Liver for Prediction of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Hepatocellular cancer (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, and chronic hepatitis B virus infection (CHB) has been a major risk factor for HCC development. The pathogenesis of HBV-related HCC has been a major focus revealing the interplay of a multitude of intracellular signaling pathways, yet the precise mechanisms and their implementations to clinical practice remain to be elucidated. This study utilizes publicly available transcriptomic data from the livers of CHB patients in order to identify a population with a higher risk of malignant transformation.

Gastric Carcinoma with Lymphoid Stroma: A Combination of Mismatch Repair Deficient Medullary Type and Epstein-Barr Virus-associated Gastric Carcinomas.

Gastric carcinomas consist of a heterogeneous group of neoplasms with broad cytological and architectural variations. Gastric carcinomas with lymphoid stroma show poor correlation between their histomorphology and biological behavior. This contrast causes a need for more detailed analysis and molecular exploration of lymphoid stroma-rich gastric carcinomas with medullary like features and lack of glandular differentiation.

DNA Methylation of PI3K/AKT Pathway-Related Genes Predicts Outcome in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer: A Comprehensive Bioinformatics-Based Study.

Pancreatic cancer (PCA) is one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide with a 5-year survival rate of 9%. Despite the advances in the field, the need for an earlier detection and effective therapies is paramount. PCA high heterogeneity suggests that epigenetic alterations play a key role in tumour development.

Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Is Not a Major Modulating Factor in the Cytotoxic Response to Natural Products in Cancer Cell Lines.

Numerous natural products exhibit antiproliferative activity against cancer cells by modulating various biological pathways. In this study, we investigated the potential use of eight natural compounds (apigenin, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, fisetin, forskolin, procyanidin B2, resveratrol, urolithin A) and two repurposed agents (fulvestrant and metformin) as chemotherapy enhancers and mesenchymal-to-epithelial (MET) inducers of cancer cells. Screening of these compounds in various colon, breast, and pancreatic cancer cell lines revealed anti-cancer activity for all compounds, with curcumin being the most effective among these in all cell lines.

Quality assurance: Evaluation and comparison of methods for electron microscopic measurement of GBM width and the effect of in-lab calibration in diagnostic renal pathology.

Replacing equipment and software can improve efficiency and allow updates to laboratory procedures, but has the potential to introduce changes in established values for a laboratory. Replacement of an electron microscope (EM), fitted with an updated digital camera, and use of new software for imaging and analysis prompted this QA study to ensure that new equipment, imaging, and measurement of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) produced data consistent with the laboratory's established range of normal width. GBM measurements from 14 randomly selected human renal biopsies were compared using five different approaches.

Prognostic value of midkine, syndecan-1, hyaluronan synthase-2, sestrin-1, laminin subunit alpha-4 and fibulin-3 for malignant pleural mesothelioma.

Introduction: The prognosis of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is poor, with a limited survival time. In this study, we aimed to examine expression levels of genes selected from relevant literature and to utilize in silico methods to determine genes whose expression could reflect the prognosis of patients with MPM by validation experiments.

Material And Methods: The study group consisted of 54 MPM patients treated with chemotherapy.

Renin angiotensin system genes are biomarkers for personalized treatment of acute myeloid leukemia with Doxorubicin as well as etoposide.

Despite the availability of various treatment protocols, response to therapy in patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) remains largely unpredictable. Transcriptomic profiling studies have thus far revealed the presence of molecular subtypes of AML that are not accounted for by standard clinical parameters or by routinely used biomarkers. Such molecular subtypes of AML are predicted to vary in response to chemotherapy or targeted therapy.

Evaluation of an aldo-keto reductase gene signature with prognostic significance in colon cancer via activation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition and the p70S6K pathway.

AKR1B1 and AKR1B10, members of the aldo-keto reductase family of enzymes that participate in the polyol pathway of aldehyde metabolism, are aberrantly expressed in colon cancer. We previously showed that high expression of AKR1B1 (AKR1B1HIGH) was associated with enhanced motility, inflammation and poor clinical outcome in colon cancer patients. Using publicly available datasets and ex vivo gene expression analysis (n = 51, Ankara cohort), we have validated our previous in silico finding that AKR1B1HIGH was associated with worse overall survival (OS) compared with patients with low expression of AKR1B1 (AKR1B1LOW) samples.

A novel 20-gene prognostic score in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is among the most lethal cancers. Known risk factors for this disease are currently insufficient in predicting mortality. In order to better prognosticate patients with PDAC, we identified 20 genes by utilizing publically available high-throughput transcriptomic data from GEO, TCGA and ICGC which are associated with overall survival and event-free survival.

A Stemness and EMT Based Gene Expression Signature Identifies Phenotypic Plasticity and is A Predictive but Not Prognostic Biomarker for Breast Cancer.

Molecular heterogeneity of breast cancer results in variation in morphology, metastatic potential and response to therapy. We previously showed that breast cancer cell line sub-groups obtained by a clustering approach using highly variable genes overlapped almost completely with sub-groups generated by a drug cytotoxicity-profile based approach. Two distinct cell populations thus identified were CSC(cancer stem cell)-like and non-CSC-like.