Survival in Response to Multimodal Therapy in Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer.

Context: Historical outcomes in anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) have been dismal.

Objective: To determine whether an initial intensive multimodal therapy (MMT) is associated with improved ATC survival.

Design: MMT was offered to all patients with newly diagnosed ATC treated at the Mayo Clinic from 2003 through 2015; MMT vs care with palliative intent (PI) was individualized considering clinical status and patient preferences.

Riedel's thyroiditis association with IgG4-related disease.

Context: IgG4-positive (+) plasma cells have been reported in both Riedel's thyroiditis (RT) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). These cells are the hallmark of IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD).

Objective: We sought to determine whether RT is part of IgG4-RD spectrum.

Association of BRAF V600E Mutation and MicroRNA Expression with Central Lymph Node Metastases in Papillary Thyroid Cancer: A Prospective Study from Four Endocrine Surgery Centers.

Background: Studies have demonstrated an association of the BRAF(V600E) mutation and microRNA (miR) expression with aggressive clinicopathologic features in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Analysis of BRAF(V600E) mutations with miR expression data may improve perioperative decision making for patients with PTC, specifically in identifying patients harboring central lymph node metastases (CLNM).

Methods: Between January 2012 and June 2013, 237 consecutive patients underwent total thyroidectomy and prophylactic central lymph node dissection (CLND) at four endocrine surgery centers.

Atypical small acinar proliferation (ASAP): Is a repeat biopsy necessary ASAP? A multi-institutional review.

Background: Atypical small acinar proliferation (ASAP) occurs in approximately 5% of prostate biopsies. Approximately 30-40% of patients with ASAP may develop prostate cancer (PCa) within a 5-year period. Current guidelines recommend a repeat biopsy within 3-6 months after the initial diagnosis.

Minimal extrathyroid extension in papillary thyroid carcinoma does not result in increased rates of either cause-specific mortality or postoperative tumor recurrence.

Background: This study assessed the influence of extrathyroid extension (EE) on cause-specific mortality (CSM) and tumor recurrence (TR) in patients treated for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).

Methods: We studied outcome in 3,524 patients with PTC without distant metastases at diagnosis. CSM and TR were investigated in 422 patients with gross EE (GEE) or microscopic EE (MEE).

The Value of Repeat Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy in Patients with a Previously Benign Result: How Often Does It Alter Management?

Background: Thyroid nodules are prevalent and mostly benign, being present in up to 67% of the population when assessed by ultrasound. Due to the variable diagnostic performance of ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (USFNA) of the thyroid and the possibility of a false-negative result, current clinical guidelines recommend ultrasonographic follow-up of benign thyroid nodules. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical relevance of a repeat fine-needle aspiration (rFNA) in patients with an initial benign fine-needle aspiration biopsy (iFNA).

Prevalence of parathyroid carcinoma in 348 patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 - case report and review of the literature.

Objective: To report the prevalence of parathyroid carcinoma (PC) in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) and review of the literature.

Background: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP) is the most common manifestation of MEN1. The occurrence of PC in patients with MEN1 is rare and the literature regarding the clinical manifestations - including the prevalence of the disease - is scarce.

The diagnostic utility of combination of HMGA2 and IMP3 qRT-PCR testing in thyroid neoplasms.

The diagnosis of malignant thyroid tumors in some cytologic and histologic specimens remains challenging. High-mobility group A2 (HMGA2) expression and insulin-like growth factor II mRNA-binding protein-3 (IMP3) expression were evaluated by relative quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the combination of HMGA2 and IMP3 qRT-PCR was diagnostically useful in differentiating benign from malignant thyroid neoplasms.

Gleason grading after neoadjuvant hormonal therapy retains prognostic value for systemic progression following radical prostatectomy.

Background: The Gleason grading system in prostatectomy specimens following receipt of neoadjuvant therapy has been considered inaccurate. However, with continuing expansion of novel therapeutics, it is important to understand whether the Gleason system can be effectively utilized in this setting. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of the Gleason grading system to predict systemic progression among prostatectomy specimens treated with neoadjuvant hormone therapy (NHT).

Review of our experience with neuroblastoma and ganglioneuroblastoma in adults.

Background: Neuroblastomas and ganglioneuroblastomas (NB/GNB) are malignant tumors that rarely occur in adults. Their disease progression and appropriate treatment are unclear.

Methods: All adults (age ≥18 years) were evaluated for histologically confirmed NB/GNB within our institution.

Comparison of urine cytology and fluorescence in situ hybridization in upper urothelial tract samples.

Background: The cytologic diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma (UC) of the upper urothelial tract (UT) is challenging. Using the UroVysion probe set adds diagnostic value for the detection of bladder cancer in voided urine. In instrumented UT specimens, the authors encountered positive UT cytology and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) cases that did not demonstrate subsequent UT carcinoma.

Prostate cancer Ki-67 (MIB-1) expression, perineural invasion, and gleason score as biopsy-based predictors of prostate cancer mortality: the Mayo model.

Objective: To determine the role of cellular proliferation and other biopsy-based features in the prediction of prostate cancer mortality.

Patients And Methods: Between 1993 and 2012, our institution has performed quantitation of prostate cancer DNA ploidy and Ki-67 (MIB-1) on most prostate cancer needle biopsy specimens. The outcomes of 451 consecutive patients with biopsy-proven cancer treated by radical prostatectomy between January 24, 1995, and December 29, 1998, without neoadjuvant hormonal therapy were assessed.

p300 acetyltransferase regulates androgen receptor degradation and PTEN-deficient prostate tumorigenesis.

Overexpression of the histone acetyltransferase p300 is implicated in the proliferation and progression of prostate cancer, but evidence of a causal role is lacking. In this study, we provide genetic evidence that this generic transcriptional coactivator functions as a positive modifier of prostate tumorigenesis. In a mouse model of PTEN deletion-induced prostate cancer, genetic ablation of p300 attenuated expression of the androgen receptor (AR).

Does BRAF V600E mutation predict aggressive features in papillary thyroid cancer? Results from four endocrine surgery centers.

Background: Existing evidence is controversial regarding the association between BRAF mutation status and aggressive features of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Specifically, no study has incorporated multiple surgical practices performing routine central lymph node dissection (CLND) and thus has patients who are truly evaluable for the presence or absence of central lymph node metastases (CLNMs).

Methods: Consecutive patients who underwent total thyroidectomy and routine CLND at 4 tertiary endocrine surgery centers were retrospectively reviewed.

Human Calmodulin-Like Protein CALML3: A Novel Marker for Normal Oral Squamous Mucosa That Is Downregulated in Malignant Transformation.

Oral cancer is often diagnosed only at advanced stages due to a lack of reliable disease markers. The purpose of this study was to determine if the epithelial-specific human calmodulin-like protein (CALML3) could be used as marker for the various phases of oral tumor progression. Immunohistochemical analysis using an affinity-purified CALML3 antibody was performed on biopsy-confirmed oral tissue samples representing these phases.

Symptomatic amyloid goiters: report of five cases.

Background: Massive amyloid deposition in the thyroid to the point of goiter formation is rare. Here we describe the clinical presentation and outcomes of five patients with amyloid goiter (radiographically confirmed goiter in the context of tissue-proven thyroid amyloidosis) encountered in the past 23 years at our institution.

Methods: Mayo Clinic archives were searched between 1987 and 2010 for a diagnosis of "thyroid amyloidosis," "amyloid deposits," "amyloid deposition," or "liquid chromatography consistent with amyloid.

Application of vibro-acoustography in prostate tissue imaging.

Purpose: To evaluate the potential of the imaging modality vibro-acoustography (VA) for imaging of the prostate.

Methods: Excised cadaver prostate specimens were embedded in tissue mimicking gel to simulate the properties of surrounding soft tissues. The samples were imaged at various depths using a laboratory prototyped VA imaging system.

Development of a multidisciplinary, multicampus subspecialty practice in endocrine cancers.

Purpose: Relative to more abundant neoplasms, endocrine cancers have been historically neglected, yet their incidence is increasing. We therefore sought to build interest in endocrine cancers, improve physician experience, and develop innovative approaches to treating patients with these neoplasms.

Methods: Between 2005 and 2010, we developed a multidisciplinary Endocrine Malignancies Disease Oriented Group involving all three Mayo Clinic campuses (Rochester, MN; Jacksonville, FL; and Scottsdale, AZ).

Risks and benefits of parathyroid fine-needle aspiration with parathyroid hormone washout.

Objective: To describe the experience with parathyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) washout at Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all parathyroid FNA procedures performed at Mayo Clinic Rochester between January 2000 and December 2007. Clinical, biochemical, and imaging information, parathyroid FNA procedure, and cytology, surgical, and pathology reports were reviewed, and descriptive statistics, sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive values are presented.

FOXL2 mutations in granulosa cell tumors occurring in males.

Context: Granulosa cell tumors comprise less than 5% of ovarian tumors in women and are much rarer in men, with only about 20 cases reported, to our knowledge. Recently, a somatic mutation of FOXL2 was reported in virtually all adult-type granulosa cell tumors in women.

Objective: To investigate FOXL2 mutations in granulosa cell tumors occurring in males.

Development of a multidisciplinary, multicampus subspecialty practice in endocrine cancers.

Objectives: Relative to more abundant neoplasms, endocrine cancers have been historically neglected, yet their incidence is increasing. We therefore sought to build interest in endocrine cancers, improve physician experience, and develop innovative approaches to treating patients with these neoplasms.

Methods: Between 2005 and 2010, we developed a multidisciplinary Endocrine Malignancies Disease Oriented Group involving all 3 Mayo Clinic campuses (Rochester, Minnesota; Jacksonville, Florida; and Scottsdale, Arizona).

Shared gene expression alterations in prostate cancer and histologically benign prostate from patients with prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer (PCa) field effect alterations provide important clues regarding the initiation of these tumors and suggest targets for prevention or biomarkers for early detection. However, biomarkers of PCa field effects that have passed independent validation are lacking, largely because these alterations are subtle and difficult to distinguish from unrelated small changes in gene expression. We hypothesized that shared expression alterations in PCa and benign prostates containing PCa (BPCs) would have a higher potential for independent validation than alterations identified in BPCs alone.

Renal oncocytoma growth rates before intervention.

Objective: To describe the growth rates of oncocytomas before treatment with surgical resection or percutaneous ablation.

Patients And Methods: This single-institution retrospective study included 33 consecutive, pathologically proven renal oncocytomas with serial contrast-enhanced computed tomography scans spanning at least 1 year before intervention, from 2000 to 2009. Tumours were measured by two radiologists, and growth rates and interobserver variability were calculated.