Historical Indigenous Food Preparation Using Produce of the Three Sisters Intercropping System.

For centuries, some Indigenous Peoples of the Americas have planted corn, beans and squash or pumpkins together in mounds, in an intercropping complex known as the Three Sisters. Agriculturally, nutritionally and culturally, these three crops are complementary. This literature review aims to compile historical foods prepared from the products of the Three Sisters planting system used in Indigenous communities in the region encompassing southern Quebec and Ontario in Canada, and northeastern USA.

Time-Temperature Management Along the Food Cold Chain: A Review of Recent Developments.

The cold chain is responsible for the preservation and transportation of perishable foods in the proper temperature range to slow biological decay processes and deliver safe and high-quality foods to consumers. Studies show that the efficiency of the cold chain is often less than ideal, as temperature abuses above or below the optimal product-specific temperature range occur frequently, a situation that significantly increases food waste and endangers food safety. In this work, field studies on time-temperature conditions at each critical stage of the cold chain are reviewed to assess the current state of commercial cold chains.

A Meta-Analysis of Enriched Pasta: What Are the Effects of Enrichment and Process Specifications on the Quality Attributes of Pasta?

Pasta products enriched with ingredients to improve their nutritional value or functionality have become increasingly popular, and substantial research efforts have been directed towards the development of new enriched pasta products. In this work, a meta-analysis was conducted to quantify the impact of enrichment and process specifications on the quality attributes of pasta. A literature search revealed 66 studies on enriched pasta.

Protein-Protein Multilayer Oil-in-Water Emulsions for the Microencapsulation of Flaxseed Oil: Effect of Whey and Fish Gelatin Concentration.

The impact of whey protein isolate (WPI) and fish gelatin (FG) deposited sequentially at concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, and 0.

Drying of Durum Wheat Pasta and Enriched Pasta: A Review of Modeling Approaches.

Models on drying of durum wheat pasta and enriched pasta were reviewed to identify avenues for improvement according to consumer needs, product formulation and processing conditions. This review first summarized the fundamental phenomena of pasta drying, mass transfer, heat transfer, momentum, chemical changes, shrinkage and crack formation. The basic equations of the current models were then presented, along with methods for the estimation of pasta transport and thermodynamic properties.

Flaxseed-Enriched Cereal-Based Products: A Review of the Impact of Processing Conditions.

The properties of cereals products, bread, pasta, muffins, cookies, cakes, and bars, enriched with flaxseed, were reviewed to highlight suitable processing conditions for the production of high-quality flaxseed-enriched products with the desired health attributes. The review highlights the contrasting effect of flaxseed enrichment on the mechanical and physical properties of cereal products according to product type, flaxseed enrichment level, and processing history. Flaxseed lipids remain stable for most processing and storage conditions, presumably due to the significant antioxidant properties of lignans, but information is lacking on the impact of home-handling, such as bread toasting, on lipid oxidation.

Dietary flaxseed intake exacerbates acute colonic mucosal injury and inflammation induced by dextran sodium sulfate.

Flaxseed (FS), a dietary oilseed, contains a variety of anti-inflammatory bioactives, including fermentable fiber, phenolic compounds (lignans), and the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) α-linolenic acid. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of FS and its n-3 PUFA-rich kernel or lignan- and soluble fiber-rich hull on colitis severity in a mouse model of acute colonic inflammation. C57BL/6 male mice were fed a basal diet (negative control) or a basal diet supplemented with 10% FS, 6% kernel, or 4% hull for 3 wk prior to and during colitis induction via 5 days of 2% (wt/vol) dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in their drinking water (n = 12/group).

Detection and characterization of Campylobacter spp. from 40 dairy cattle herds in Quebec, Canada.

Dairy cattle are considered a Campylobacter reservoir in the epidemiology of campylobacteriosis. Currently, very little data on the prevalence of Campylobacter in dairy herds are available in the Province of Quebec, Canada. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of Campylobacter associated with management practices in 40 dairy cattle herds as well as to characterize the bacterial genetic diversity.

Spatio-temporal assessment of food safety risks in Canadian food distribution systems using GIS.

While the value of geographic information systems (GIS) is widely applied in public health there have been comparatively few examples of applications that extend to the assessment of risks in food distribution systems. GIS can provide decision makers with strong computing platforms for spatial data management, integration, analysis, querying and visualization. The present report addresses some spatio-analyses in a complex food distribution system and defines influence areas as travel time zones generated through road network analysis on a national scale rather than on a community scale.