Thermoregulatory responses during road races in hot-humid conditions at the 2019 Athletics World Championships.

The purpose of this study was to characterize thermoregulatory and performance responses of elite road-race athletes, while competing in hot, humid, night-time conditions during the 2019 IAAF World Athletic Championships. Male and female athletes, competing in the 20 km racewalk ( = 20 males, 24 females), 50 km racewalk ( = 19 males, 8 females), and marathon ( = 15 males, 22 females) participated. Exposed mean skin (T) and continuous core body (T) temperature were recorded with infrared thermography and ingestible telemetry pill, respectively.

Non-inferiority of a home-based videoconference physical training program in comparison with the same program administered face-to-face in healthy older adults: the MOTION randomised controlled trial.

Background: older adults often fail to reach the recommended amount of physical activity to prevent the age-related decline in metabolic, cardiorespiratory and muscular function. Effective home-based physical training programs could neutralise barriers preventing older adults from being active, and administration/supervision through videoconference may be an optimal solution. The present randomised controlled trial aimed to test the non-inferiority of training program administered through videoconference against the same program administered face-to-face in healthy older adults.

Association between thermal responses, medical events, performance, heat acclimation and health status in male and female elite athletes during the 2019 Doha World Athletics Championships.

Purpose: To determine associations between thermal responses, medical events, performance, heat acclimation and health status during a World Athletics Championships in hot-humid conditions.

Methods: From 305 marathon and race-walk starters, 83 completed a preparticipation questionnaire on health and acclimation. Core (T; ingestible pill) and skin (T; thermal camera) temperatures were measured in-competition in 56 and 107 athletes, respectively.

Evaluating sleep deprivation and time-of-day influences on crash avoidance maneuvers of young motorcyclists using a dynamic simulator.

Introduction: Motorcyclists are particularly at risk of being injured when involved in a road traffic accident. To avoid such crashes, emergency braking and/or swerving maneuvers are frequently performed. The recent development of dynamic motorcycle simulators may allow to study the influences of various disturbance factors such as sleep deprivation (SD) and time-of-day (TOD) in safe conditions.

Risk Factors and Predictors of Hypothermia and Dropouts During Open-Water Swimming Competitions.

Purpose: To measure core temperature (Tcore) in open-water (OW) swimmers during a 25-km competition and identify the predictors of Tcore drop and hypothermia-related dropouts.

Methods: Twenty-four national- and international-level OW swimmers participated in the study. Participants completed a personal questionnaire and a body fat/muscle mass assessment before the race.

Hydration and cooling in elite athletes: relationship with performance, body mass loss and body temperatures during the Doha 2019 IAAF World Athletics Championships.

Purpose: To characterise hydration, cooling, body mass loss, and core (T) and skin (T) temperatures during World Athletics Championships in hot-humid conditions.

Methods: Marathon and race-walk (20 km and 50 km) athletes (n=83, 36 women) completed a pre-race questionnaire. Pre-race and post-race body weight (n=74), T (n=56) and T (n=49; thermography) were measured.

Health status, heat preparation strategies and medical events among elite cyclists who competed in the heat at the 2016 UCI Road World Cycling Championships in Qatar.

Purpose: Assess the health status and heat preparation strategies of athletes competing in a World Cycling Championships held in hot ambient conditions (37°C, 25% relative humidity, wet-bulb-globe-temperature 27°C) and monitor the medical events arising during competition.

Methods: 69 cyclists (~9% of the world championships participants) completed a pre-competition questionnaire. Illnesses and injuries encountered by the Athlete Medical Centre (AMC) were extracted from the race reports.

Core temperature up to 41.5ºC during the UCI Road Cycling World Championships in the heat.

Objective: To characterise the core temperature response and power output profile of elite male and female cyclists during the 2016 UCI Road World Championships. This may contribute to formulating environmental heat stress policies.

Methods: Core temperature was recorded via an ingestible capsule in 10, 15 and 15 cyclists during the team time trial (TTT), individual time trial (ITT) and road race (RR), respectively.

Gastrointestinal thermal homogeneity and effect of cold water ingestion.

Purpose: Gastrointestinal temperature (GIT) is a common alternative for body core temperature (CT) monitoring via an ingestible pill connected to an external monitor. However, its reliability could depend on thermal homogeneity, regardless of the gastrointestinal tract location. The purpose of this study was to evaluate GIT variation during the transit of telemetric pills and the impact of cold drink ingestion compared to the time point of pill intake.

Exploration of Circadian Rhythms in Patients with Bilateral Vestibular Loss.

Background: New insights have expanded the influence of the vestibular system to the regulation of circadian rhythmicity. Indeed, hypergravity or bilateral vestibular loss (BVL) in rodents causes a disruption in their daily rhythmicity for several days. The vestibular system thus influences hypothalamic regulation of circadian rhythms on Earth, which raises the question of whether daily rhythms might be altered due to vestibular pathology in humans.

Sleepiness, attention and risk of accidents in powered two-wheelers.

In recent years, the role of "sleepiness at the wheel" in the occurrence of accidents has been increasingly highlighted with several national and international public health campaigns based on consensual research publications. However, one aspect of this phenomenon is rarely taken into account, i.e.

Diurnal variation in gait characteristics and transition speed.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of time-of-day on Preferred Transition Speed (PTS) and spatiotemporal organization of walking and running movements. Twelve active male subjects participated in the study (age: 27.2 ± 4.

Effects of time of day and sleep deprivation on motorcycle-driving performance.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether motorcycle handling capabilities--measured by means of the efficiency of emergency manoeuvres--were dependent on prior sleep deprivation and time of day. Twelve male participants voluntarily took part in four test sessions, starting at 6 a.m.

Effects of waking time and breakfast intake prior to evaluation of psychomotor performance in the early morning.

Many studies conducted in the field of chronobiology report diurnal fluctuation in cognitive and physical performance that occurs in phase with the body temperature circadian rhythm. Waking time and whether or not breakfast is consumed are currently considered to influence the diurnal fluctuation in data collected in the morning at 06:00 h and evening at 18:00 h. Nineteen male subjects participated in four test sessions to examine if wake-up time (04:00 h or 05:00 h) and eating or not eating breakfast influence psychomotor performance capacity at 06:00 h.

Effects of waking time and breakfast intake prior to evaluation of physical performance in the early morning.

Diurnal variation in both core body temperature and indicators of physical performance are usually observed when measures are taken at 06:00 and 18:00 h. However, differences have been reported between findings in the literature; this may be in some part due to methodological reasons, such as if the experimenter allowed subjects to eat breakfast before the morning 06:00 h session, or even the waking time of subjects. Eleven diurnally active male subjects participated in four test sessions to examine if the time of morning wakening (04:00 or 05:00 h) and eating or not eating breakfast influence body temperature, flexibility, force production, and aerobic performance at 06:00 h.

An assessment of the relevance of laboratory and motorcycling tests for investigating time of day and sleep deprivation influences on motorcycling performance.

The aim of this study was to assess time of day and sleep deprivation impacts on motorcycling performance taking into consideration key variables, such as reaction time, motor coordination and vigilance that are principally involved in a riding task. Eight subjects participated in different tests sessions planned at 06:00 and 18:00h after a normal night's sleep and after a night of total sleep deprivation. During each session all subjects completed "laboratory" and "motorcycling" tests that were designed to assess each of the variables tested.

The role of the slope of oxygen consumption and EMG activity on freely chosen pedal rate selection.

The objective of this study was to verify the following hypothesis: the pedal rate that minimizes root mean square (RMS) slope and the slow component amplitude of oxygen consumption could be close to the freely chosen pedal rate (FCPR) used by well-trained cyclists. Nine male competitive cyclists performed a 21 min submaximal exercise on a cycle ergometer at a workload of 65% of their respective peak aerobic power. For each session, the subject's pedal rate was freely chosen or assigned to 60, 75, 90 or 105 rev min(-1).

Physical exercise and time of day: influences on spontaneous motor tempo.

To identify whether spontaneous motor rhythm is influenced by external or internal events and whether this rhythm fluctuates across the day in parallel with heart rate diurnal variations, we simultaneously recorded heart rate and spontaneous motor rate before and after a pedaling task performed five times a day by 10 healthy human subjects. Each subject performed a Spontaneous Motor Tempo, i.e.