[Change in the prevention of kidney stones].

Kidney stone is one of the most frequent disorders of the urinary tract. Once the stone has passed, the management should be oriented on prevention. If changes in lifestyle and diet should be implemented in a true therapeutic education of the patient, prescription of drugs has been recently challenged by the NOSTONE trial.

[Anti-glomerular basement membrane disease].

Anti-glomerular basement membrane disease is a rare disease. In its classical presentation it associates rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, linked to the presence of antibodies targeting type IV collagen in the glomerular and alveolar basal membrane. Anti-GBM disease warrants prompt medical management to limit permanent kidney damage and mortality.

[Granulomatosis with polyangiitis: what's new?].

Within the group of antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides, granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is the most frequent. The incidence is around 10 to 20 cases/million/year. Clinical manifestations are varied, with ENT, lungs and kidneys most frequently involved.

[Nephrotic syndrome and other high-level proteinuria].

High level albuminuria and the nephrotic syndrome are pathognomonic of glomerular renal disease and must be distinguished from other high-level proteinuria. Causes of the nephrotic syndrome are numerous and its clinical significance requires diagnostic rigor to propose targeted treatment and prevent possible complications and renal functional decline. A nephrotic syndrome can also be an early expression of potentially severe non-renal medical conditions.

A stone in the bone.

Primary hyperoxaluria (PH) is a group of diseases due to mutations in genes coding for enzymes involved in oxalate metabolism. Three types of PH are identified depending on the gene mutated. Type 1 is the most frequent with 80% of the cases, while PH2 and PH3 are rarer.

Exposure to alirocumab during the first trimester of pregnancy: A case report.

Background: Familial hypercholesterolemia can be efficiently treated with combined lipid-lowering drugs. Lipid-lowering drugs are usually withdrawn for pregnancy and breastfeeding, ideally preconception, followed by lipid apheresis, however, careful plans can be precipitated due to unexpected pregnancy.

Case: A 28-year old woman with familial hypercholesterolemia due to heterozygous LDLR mutations had an LDL-cholesterol level at 14.

Spectrum of Kidney Involvement in Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndromes.

Introduction: Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are characterized by a high prevalence of associated autoimmune manifestations. Kidney involvement has been rarely reported in MDS patients. We report on the spectrum of kidney pathological findings in MDS patients.

Water-Soluble Vitamin Levels and Supplementation in Chronic Online Hemodiafiltration Patients.

Introduction: Supplementation of water-soluble vitamins is a common practice in hemodialysis patients, but dosages are largely based on conventional hemodialysis techniques. The aim of this study was to assess the status of water-soluble vitamins in patients on hemodiafiltration (HDF), and attempt to determine optimal dose of vitamin supplements.

Methods: This monocentric study included 40 patients on thrice-weekly chronic HDF.

[Rhabdomyolysis: early management].

Rhabdomyolysis is defined by myalgia, potentially painful myoedema and muscular weakness due to death of muscular fiber in the striated muscle. Frequent etiologies include physical effort, intoxication (alcohol, drugs and medication) and physical trauma. Depletion of myocyte' s adenosine triphosate (ATP) leads to an increase in intracellular calcium and myocyte death.

Prevalence and Description of Hyponatremia in a Swiss Tertiary Care Hospital: An Observational Retrospective Study.

Hyponatremia (serum sodium concentration <135 mEq/L) is the most common electrolyte abnormality among hospitalized patients. Our aim was to study the epidemiology of hyponatremia in hospitalized patients, as well as the short-term mortality rates, the length of stay (LOS), and associated hospital costs. This retrospective cohort study included 6,539 hospitalizations in the internal medicine ward of a Swiss tertiary-care teaching hospital between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2018 (42.

Management of thrombotic microangiopathy in pregnancy and postpartum: report from an international working group.

Pregnancy and postpartum are high-risk periods for different forms of thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). However, the management of pregnancy-associated TMA remains ill defined. This report, by an international multidisciplinary working group of obstetricians, nephrologists, hematologists, intensivists, neonatologists, and complement biologists, summarizes the current knowledge of these potentially severe disorders and proposes a practical clinical approach to diagnose and manage an episode of pregnancy-associated TMA.

[COVID-19 from the nephrologist's point of view].

During the actual pandemic of COVID-19, it has become clear that the virus causing this devastating disease, SARS-CoV2, targets not only the lungs but also other organs. In this article, we discuss the known or suspected interactions between the virus and the kidneys, as well as their clinical presentations. We also discuss how the pandemic has altered the activities of nephrologists and the logistics of a Swiss dialysis center.

[The management of hypertriglyceridemia and the risk of pancreatitis].

In the face of hypertriglyceridemia, the potential causes must be assessed to choose the best medical therapeutic option. In cases of secondary hypertriglyceridemia, physicians should use treatments targeting the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the lipid disorder. Lifestyle interventions are the cornerstone of an effective treatment, to achieve controlled glycemia, blood pressure and weight loss.

[Immune checkpoint inhibitors and renal toxicity : update about an emerging pathology].

Recently, comprehension of immune mechanisms involved in anti-tumor responses has permitted the development of new oncologic drugs called immune checkpoint inhibitors. These drugs act by restoring anti-tumor responses. With their increasing use, we note a rise in the incidence rate of immune related adverse events, which can affect many organs.

Syphilis and parvovirus B19 co-infection imitating a lupus nephropathy: A case report.

Rationale: Syphilis can share clinical features with autoimmune diseases, such as cutaneous Lupus or rheumatoid arthritis. Moreover, secondary syphilis can have visceral involvement, thus affecting the kidney. Syphilitic nephropathy causes nephrotic syndrome with a classic membranous pattern.

[Prescribing intravenous fluids in hospitalized patients : from need to harm].

Prescribing intravenous fluids in a hospital setting is a task that each clinician has to endorse in an everyday practice. This task is universal to the point that it is often undervalued, or even neglected during clinical teaching. However, one shouldn't underestimate the risks related to excessive fluid administration, of which the clinician often doesn't know the exact composition.