Combined oral contraceptive use and obesity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogenous endocrine condition and combined oral contraceptives (COCs) have been demonstrated to be the first-line treatment to women who do not intend to become pregnant. The combination of COCs and PCOS may or may not amplify the risks of cardiovascular events.

Objective: To investigate whether surrogates for obesity may be influenced by the use of COCs containing different formulations in women with PCOS.

Anthropometric, Metabolic, and Endocrine Parameters as Predictors of Estimated Average Glucose and Other Biomarkers of Dysglycemia in Women with Different Phenotypes of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of anthropometric, metabolic, and endocrine abnormalities as predictors of estimated average glucose and other biomarkers of dysglycemia in women with different phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This cross-sectional study included 648 women with PCOS and 330 controls. A single protocol of investigation was applied for all subjects.

Effects of Melatonin Alone or Associated with Acyclovir on the Suppressive Treatment of Recurrent Genital Herpes: A Prospective, Randomized, and Double-Blind Study.

Unlabelled: Suppressive therapy of recurrent genital herpes is a challenge, and melatonin may be an alternative.

Objective: To evaluate the action of melatonin, acyclovir, or the association of melatonin with acyclovir as a suppressive treatment in women with recurrent genital herpes.

Design: The study was prospective, double-blind, and randomized, including 56 patients as follows: (a) The melatonin group received 180 placebo capsules in the 'day' container and 180 melatonin 3 mg capsules in the 'night' container ( = 19); (b) The acyclovir group received 360 capsules of 400 mg acyclovir twice a day (one capsule during the day and another during the night) ( = 15); (c) the melatonin group received 180 placebo capsules in the 'day' container and 180 melatonin 3 mg capsules in the 'night' container ( = 22).

Effects of clinical and metabolic variables and hormones on the expression of immune protein biomarkers in the endometrium of women with polycystic ovary syndrome and normal-cycling controls.

Background: Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are at an elevated risk of endometrial cancer, which may be associated with the continuous proliferative state caused by the interaction between hormones and metabolic factors.

Objective: To investigate the impact of hormones and metabolic factors in the proliferation and death of endometrium during the proliferative phase.

Methods: Cross-sectional study with 11 women with PCOS and eight normal-cycling non-PCOS controls at the Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro from February 2011 to June 2019.

Polycystic ovary syndrome and risks for COVID-19 infection: A comprehensive review : PCOS and COVID-19 relationship.

This comprehensive review aimed to evaluate the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection (the cause of coronavirus disease 2019, or COVID-19) and the metabolic and endocrine characteristics frequently found in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In the general population, COVID-19 is more severe in subjects with dyslipidemia, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and arterial hypertension. Because these conditions are comorbidities commonly associated with PCOS, it was hypothesized that women with PCOS would be at higher risk for acquiring COVID-19 and developing more severe clinical presentations.

Adrenal Androgen Predictive Effects on Clinical and Metabolic Abnormalities of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Objective:  To examine the possible effects of adrenal prohormones in the prediction of clinical and metabolic abnormalities in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Methods:  The present study enrolled 299 normal cycling non-PCOS, 156 normoandrogenemic, and 474 hyperandrogenemic women with PCOS. Baseline characteristics were compared using a chi-squared test or analysis of variance (ANOVA) as appropriate.

Morphology and Biochemistry of Ovulation.

The process of ovulation involves multiple and iterrelated genetic, biochemical, and morphological events: cessation of the proliferation of granulosa cells, resumption of oocyte meiosis, expansion of cumulus cell-oocyte complexes, digestion of the follicle wall, and extrusion of the metaphase-II oocyte. The present narrative review examines these interrelated steps in detail. The combined or isolated roles of the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) are highlighted.

The connection of alpha-1 acid glycoprotein inflammatory marker with anthropometric, hormonal, and metabolic characteristic of women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Aim: To investigate the connection of alpha-1 acid glycoprotein inflammatory biomarker with clinical, hormonal, and metabolic characteristics in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and normal cycling controls.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 235 women with PCOS and 92 normal cycling controls attended between 2008 and 2018. Alpha-1 acid glycoprotein levels were correlated with clinical, anthropometric, anthropometric-metabolic indexes, and hormones of women with PCOS and controls.

Differential Effects of Various Androgens on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

The hyperandrogenism in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with the risk for the future development of the cardiovascular disease. The objective of the study is to verify whether different androgens have the same harmful effect. This cross-sectional study enrolled 823 women with PCOS: 627 (76.

Adipocyte and steroidogenic cell cross-talk in polycystic ovary syndrome.

Background: Metabolic and endocrine alterations in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affect adipose tissue mass and distribution. PCOS is characterised by hyperandrogenism, obesity and adipocyte dysfunction. Hyperandrogenism in PCOS drives dysfunctional adipocyte secretion of potentially harmful adipocytokines.

Comparison of metabolic and obesity biomarkers between adolescent and adult women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Purpose: Knowledge of adolescent and adult phenotypes of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) might drive opportune management. The aim of this study was to compare metabolic and obesity biomarkers between adolescent and adult women with PCOS.

Methods: This observational study compared biomarkers of obesity and metabolism derangements between adolescent (n = 62) and adult (n = 248) women with PCOS.

The Role of Visceral Adiposity Index as Predictor of Metabolic Syndrome in Obese and Nonobese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

To evaluate anthropometric-metabolic biomarkers as predictors of metabolic syndrome (MS) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) with and without obesity. This was an observational cross-sectional study. Patients were classified as nonobese-PCOS (body mass index, BMI <30 kg/m,  = 385), and obese-PCOS (BMI ≥30 kg/m,  = 261).

Construct and Criterion Validity of the Postmenopause Sexuality Questionnaire - PMSQ.

Objective:  To assess the construct and criterion validity of the Postmenopause Sexuality Questionnaire (PMSQ).

Methods:  The present methodological questionnaire validation study included postmenopausal women. The construct validity was tested by factor analysis and the criterion validity was performed using the correlation between the PMSQ and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI).

Exploring the activity of the enzyme 11β-hydroxylase in the polycystic ovary syndrome.

Background Hyperandrogenemic polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) may have occult corticosteroidogenic enzyme abnormalities. The current study compares the activities of 11β-hydroxylase between normoandrogenemic PCOS (NA-PCOS) and hyperandrogenemic PCOS (HA-PCOS) phenotypes. Materials and methods Anthropometric, and biochemical variables were compared between normal cycling women [n = 272] and those with PCOS [n = 453]; either normoandrogenemic [n = 98] or hyperandrogenemic [n = 355].

Changes in clinical and biochemical characteristics of polycystic ovary syndrome with advancing age.

Objective: To verify whether aging can modify the clinical and biochemical characteristics of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Material And Methods: This observational cross-sectional study was conducted at the reproductive endocrinology clinics of Julio Muller University Hospital and Tropical Institute of Reproductive Medicine in Cuiabá, MT, Brazil, between 2003 and 2017. Both, 796 PCOS and 444 non-PCOS normal cycling women underwent the same examination.

Relationship of Biological Markers of Body Fat Distribution and Corticosteroidogenic Enzyme Activities in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

The aim of the study is to determine the impact of different anthropometric measurements of fat distribution on baseline sex-steroid concentrations and corticosteroidogenic enzyme activity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome compared to those with regular menstrual cycles. The current cross-sectional study included 106 normal cycling controls and 268 polycystic ovary syndrome patients. Patients with polycystic ovary syndrome, diagnosed by Rotterdam criteria, were divided in normoandrogenemic (n=91) and hyperandrogenemic (n=177).

Differential activity of the corticosteroidogenic enzymes in normal cycling women and women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

The phenotypic complex of patients with definitive diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome may include patients with normal and high serum androgen levels. Patients with hyperandrogenemia seem to present higher risk of changes to the glucose and lipid metabolism and, eventually, of earlier development of cardiovascular diseases than normoandrogenemic patients or healthy women. From a laboratory and clinical point of view, it is important to check androgen levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Increasing the Chances of Natural Conception: Opinion Statement from the the Brazilian Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Associations - FEBRASGO - Committee of Gynecological Endocrinology.

Considering that myths and misconceptions regarding natural procreation spread rapidly in the era of easy access to information and to social networks, adequate counseling about natural fertility and spontaneous conception should be encouraged in any kind of health assistance. Despite the fact that there is no strong-powered evidence about any of the aspects related to natural fertility, literature on how to increase the chances of a spontaneous pregnancy is available. In the present article, the Brazilian Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Associations (FEBRASGO, in the Portuguese acronym) Committee on Endocrine Gynecology provides suggestions to optimize counseling for non-infertile people attempting spontaneous conception.

Combined Oral Contraceptive Effects on Low-Grade Chronic Inflammatory Mediators in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with dyslipidemia, dysglycemia, metabolic syndrome, and low-grade chronic inflammation, which increase the risks for cardiovascular disease. Combined oral contraceptives may affect the mediators of low-grade chronic inflammation with potential additive risk in PCOS patients. This meta-analysis investigates the impact of oral contraceptive on markers of chronic inflammation in PCOS patients.

Subclinical Hypothyroidism Impact on the Characteristics of Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.

Background/aims: Definitive polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) diagnosis should exclude thyroid dysfunctions. The purpose of the study is to examine the impact of subclinical hypothyroidism on the characteristics of PCOS patients.

Methods: A meta-analysis of the published observational studies was conducted.

Recommendations for the Use of Testosterone in Male Transgender.

Gender incongruence is defined as a condition in which an individual self-identifies and desires to have physical characteristics and social roles that connote the opposite biological sex. Gender dysphoria is when an individual displays the anxiety and/or depression disorders that result from the incongruity between the gender identity and the biological sex. The gender affirmation process must be performed by a multidisciplinary team.

The Role of C-Peptide as Marker of Cardiometabolic Risk in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Controlled Study.

Background: The aim of this study was to examine the role of C-peptide as a biological marker of cardiometabolic risk in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Methods: This case-control study enrolled 385 PCOS patients and 240 normal cycling women. Anthropometric and clinical variables were taken at first visit.

Risks, benefits size and clinical implications of combined oral contraceptive use in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex condition with high risk for dyslipidemia, dysglycemia, venous thromboembolism, cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. Because the combined oral contraceptive (COC) use has also been associated with impaired fasting glucose, insulin resistance and increased risk of thromboembolism disease, it is rationale to think that the combination of oral contraceptive and PCOS could make it worse or increase the risks.

Objective: To examine the current data regarding potential additional risks and benefits of contraceptive use, highlights the major gap in knowledge for designing future studies and, when possible, suggests an adequate COC formulation for a determined PCOS phenotype.