PetCO2, VCO2 and CorPP Values in the Successful Prediction of the Return of Spontaneous Circulation: An Experimental Study on Unassisted Induced Cardiopulmonary Arrest.

Introduction: During cardiac arrest, end-tidal CO (PetCO), VCO and coronary perfusion pressure fall abruptly and tend to return to normal levels after an effective return of spontaneous circulation. Therefore, the monitoring of PetCO and VCO by capnography is a useful tool during clinical management of cardiac arrest patients.

Objective: To assess if PetCO, VCO and coronary perfusion pressure are useful for the prediction of return of spontaneous circulation in an animal model of cardiac arrest/cardiopulmonary resuscitation treated with vasopressor agents.

Atrial natriuretic factor: is it responsible for hyponatremia and natriuresis in neurosurgery?

Objective: To evaluate the presence of hyponatremia and natriuresis and their association with atrial natriuretic factor in neurosurgery patients.

Methods: The study included 30 patients who had been submitted to intracranial tumor resection and cerebral aneurism clipping. Both plasma and urinary sodium and plasma atrial natriuretic factor were measured during the preoperative and postoperative time periods.

[Profile of effective donors from organ and tissue procurement services].

Objective: To characterize the profile of effective organ and tissue donors and to understand which organs and tissues were donated for transplantation.

Methods: This was a quantitative, descriptive, exploratory, retrospective study that analyzed clinical data from 305 donors between January 2006 to December 2010. The data were then analyzed using descriptive analyses, generating frequency tables, measures of position (mean, minimum and maximum) and measures of dispersion (standard deviation) for data that was social and clinical in nature.

Dermatophytosis in military in the central-west region of Brazil: literature review.

Background: Dermatophytes represent a group of keratinophilic fungi capable of invading the superficial layer of the skin, hair, and nails of humans and animals. There is a high prevalence of dermatomycosis in tropical regions, and military personnel are susceptible to this kind of infection due to the type of occupational activities.

Objective: This study was to investigate dermatophytosis in military, in addition to predisposing factors to such infections.

I guideline for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care -- Brazilian Society of Cardiology: executive summary.

Despite advances related to the prevention and treatment in the past few years, many lives are lost to cardiac arrest and cardiovascular events in general in Brazil every year. Basic Life Support involves cardiovascular emergency treatment mainly in the pre-hospital environment, with emphasis on the early recognition and delivery of cardiopulmonary resuscitation maneuvers focused on high-quality thoracic compressions and rapid defibrillation by means of the implementation of public access-to-defibrillation programs. These aspects are of the utmost importance and may make the difference on the patient's outcomes, such as on hospital survival with no permanent neurological damage.

Study of the Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn dynamics in soil, plants and bee pollen from the region of Teresina (PI), Brazil.

The purpose of this study is to characterize native bee plants regarding their capacity to extract and accumulate trace elements from the soil and its consequences to the sanity of the produced pollen. The trace elements Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn were analyzed in soil, plants and bee pollen from Teresina region (PI), Brazil, by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Considering the studied plant species, Cu and Pb metals presented in the highest levels in the roots of B.

Glasgow outcome scale at hospital discharge as a prognostic index in patients with severe traumatic brain injury.

Objective: Evaluate the Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) at discharge (GOS-HD) as a prognostic indicator in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Method: Retrospective data were collected of 45 patients, with Glasgow coma scale <8, age 25±10 years, 36 men, from medical records. Later, at home visit, two measures were scored: GOS-HD (according to information from family members) and GOS LATE (12 months after TBI).

Fungal agents in different anatomical sites in Public Health Services in Cuiabá, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil.

Introduction: A contribution to the regional epidemiological profile of the most common fungal agents in Public Health Services in Cuiabá, state of Mato Grosso, including university hospitals and polyclinics.

Methods: Clinical specimens (n = 1,496) from 1,078 patients were collected, submitted to direct mycological exam (potash or stick tape method) and cultured in specific mediums. Dermatophytic and non-dermatophytic agents were identified according to micromorphology (Ridell technique).

Plasmatic vasopressin in patients undergoing conventional infra-renal abdominal aorta aneurysm repair.

Objectives: To evaluate plasmatic arginine vasopressin (AVP) levels in patients undergoing scheduled conventional abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair.

Methods: Plasmatic AVP concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay in 22 non-consecutive adult patients undergoing infra-renal AAA repair. They were under combined general and epidural anesthesia at the following time frames: 1--pre-operative (T0); 2--2h (T1) and 6h (T2) after the surgical procedure; 3--in the morning at the first (T3), second (T4) and third (T5) post-operative days.

The efficacy of terlipressin versus adrenaline in swine cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Background And Objectives: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of terlipressin (TP) vs. adrenaline (ADR) in increasing coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) and return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in swine CPR.

Methods: Under anesthesia with ketamine/thiopental, ventricular fibrillation was induced in 44 female immature pigs, remaining unassisted for 10 minutes, followed by 2 minutes of manual CPR (100 compression/10 ventilations/min with air).

Theoretical knowledge of nurses working in non-hospital urgent and emergency care units concerning cardiopulmonary arrest and resuscitation.

Non-Hospital Urgent and Emergency Care Units were created to deliver care to patients in chronic or acute situations and to coordinate the flow of urgent care. This descriptive study analyzed the theoretical knowledge of nurses working in these units concerning cardiopulmonary arrest and resuscitation. A questionnaire was applied to 73 nurses from 16 units in seven cities in the region of Campinas, SP, Brazil.

Impact of alveolar recruitment maneuver in the postoperative period of videolaparoscopic bariatric surgery.

Background And Objectives: Pulmonary complications in bariatric surgery are common and, therefore, alveolar recruitment maneuvers (ARM) have been used to prevent or reduce them in the postoperative period (POP). The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of ARM performed intraoperatively in patients undergoing bariatric surgery by videolaparoscopy in the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications.

Methods: Randomized clinical trial with 30 patients divided into control group (CG) and experimental group (EG), with analysis of spirometric, ventilatory, hemodynamic, and radiographic variables.

Evaluation of maximum respiratory pressures in chronic renal patients at the pre and post hemodialysis moment.

Introduction And Objective: Maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures (PImax and PEmax) are used to assess the integrity of respiratory muscles by measuring their strength. The aim of this study was to assess the immediate influence of hemodialysis (HD) on respiratory muscle strength by measuring PImax and PEmax, investigating the integrity of that musculature and/or the presence of muscular weakness.

Method: A prospective, crosssectional study was carried out on a convenience sample of 35 patients with chronic kidney disease (26 men and 9 women; mean age, 51.

Comparison of the rapid shallow breathing index (RSBI) calculated under direct and indirect form on the postoperative period of cardiac surgery.

Objectives: To compare and to analyze whether the values of rapid shallow breathing index (RSBI) determined by a ventilator display and a digital ventilometer were correlated.

Methods: Twenty-two adult patients (17 males and 5 females) in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery and in mechanical ventilation were studied. Prior to the data collection, each patient was evaluated, received physical therapy, in order to promote bronchial hygiene and pulmonary reexpansion, and was positioned in elevated dorsal recumbent at 45º.

[Theoretical training for nurses in cardiac arrest attendance].

to apply a theoretical qualification program for nurses in cardiopulmonary resuscitation and compare the theoretical knowledge group-A-control with group-B-experimental. This program comprised three stages: Stage-I, evaluation pre-theoretical qualification; Stages-II and III, evaluation of the recent (one week after stage-I) and later (three months after stage-I) qualification. The sample was composed of 21 nurses in Group-A and 38 in Group-B.

Lung injury and mechanical ventilation in cardiac surgery: a review.

Respiratory failure after cardiopulmonary bypass heart surgery can result from many pre-, intra- or postoperative respiratory system-related factors. This review was aimed to discuss some factors related to acute lung injury observed during the postoperative period of cardiac surgery and the mechanical ventilation modalities which should be considered to prevent hypoxemia.

Factors associated with increased mortality and prolonged length of stay in an adult intensive care unit.

Objective: The intensive care unit is synonymous of high severity, and its mortality rates are between 5.4 and 33%. With the development of new technologies, a patient can be maintained for long time in the unit, causing high costs, psychological and moral for all involved.

Vasopressin intravenous infusion causes dose dependent adverse cardiovascular effects in anesthetized dogs.

Background: Arginine vasopressin (AVP) has been broadly used in the management of vasodilatory shock. However, there are many concerns regarding its clinical use, especially in high doses, as it can be associated with adverse cardiovascular events.

Objective: To investigate the cardiovascular effects of AVP in continuous IV infusion on hemodynamic parameters in dogs.

[Vasopressin intravenous infusion causes dose dependent adverse cardiovascular effects in anesthetized dogs.].

BACKGROUND: Arginine vasopressin (AVP) has been broadly used in the management of vasodilatory shock. However, there are many concerns regarding its clinical use, especially in high doses, as it can be associated with adverse cardiovascular events. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the cardiovascular effects of AVP in continuous IV infusion on hemodynamic parameters in dogs.

CPAP at 10 cm H2O during cardiopulmonary bypass does not improve postoperative gas exchange.

Objective: To compare postoperative (PO) pulmonary gas exchange indexes in patients submitted to myocardial revascularization (MR) with or without the application of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).

Methods: Thirty adult patients submitted to MR with CPB between March and September 2005 were randomly allocated to two groups: CPAP (n=15), patients that received CPAP at 10 cm H2O during CPB, and control (n=15), patients that didn't receive CPAP. PaO(2)/FiO2 and P(A-a)O2 were analyzed at four moments: Pre (just before CPB, with FiO2=1.

Vasopressin serum levels and disorders of sodium and water balance in patients with severe brain injury.

Background: Disorders of water and sodium balance are frequently seen in patients with severe brain injury (SBI), and may worsen their prognosis.

Purpose: To evaluate vasopressin (AVP) serum levels and sodium and water balance disorders during the first week post-injury in patients with SBI.

Method: Thirty-six adult patients with SBI (admission Glasgow Coma Scale score < or= 8) and an estimated time of injury View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Syndromes related to sodium and arginine vasopressin alterations in post-operative neurosurgery.

Background: Cerebral salt wasting syndrome (CSWS), syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) and diabetes insipidus (DI) are frequently found in postoperative neurosurgery.

Purpose: To identify these syndromes following neurosurgery.

Method: The study included 30 patients who had been submitted to tumor resection and cerebral aneurysm clipping.

[Comparison among three methods to measure the rapid shallow breathing index in patients submitted to weaning from mechanical ventilation].

Background And Objectives: To compare the attainment of the rapid shallow breathing index (IRRS) in modalities PSV 10 cmH2O and PEEP 5 cmH2O (PSV10), CPAP 5 cmH2O (CPAP5) and spontaneous breathing (SB), correlating them with success on failure in the withdrawal of mechanical ventilation (MV).

Methods: Prospective study including 54 patients in MV > 48 hours, submitted to the IRRS in three ventilatory modalities: PSV10, CPAP5 and SB at the moments before and after T-tube spontaneous breathing. The patients were removed from MV when IRRS was < 105.

[Cuff leak test preextubation: comparison between three methods in spontaneous ventilation].

Background And Objectives: The cuff leak test aims to evaluate the presence of airway obstruction and normally is carried through in the controlled mode of mechanical ventilation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cuff leak in patients breathing spontaneously, across three different methods, and to compare them.

Methods: Twenty intubated patients had been submitted to three different forms of cuff leak test, all of them in spontaneous respiration: measuring air leak buy using a ventilometer and with the patient connected to the mechanical ventilator (test 1); through the display of the mechanical ventilator (test 2); and with ventilometer and the patient detached from the mechanical ventilator (test 3).

[The influence of early tracheostomy in the weaning of patients with severe traumatic brain injury].

Background And Objectives: Actually, It’s doubtful if early tracheostomy (ET) can influence mechanical ventilation (MV) weaning time or the hospital length of stay in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). The main objective of this trial was to verify the influence of ET on weaning time of patients with severe TBI.

Methods: Prospective, observational study, including 33 patients with severe TBI (GCS < 10 at hospital admission), evaluated according to tracheostomy performance time (early: t < 6 days; intermediate: t = 7 to 11 days; and late: t > 12 days) and the weaning from MV.