Cytokine-directed cellular cross-talk imprints synovial pathotypes in rheumatoid arthritis.

Introduction: Structural reorganisation of the synovium with expansion of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) and influx of immune cells is a hallmark of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Activated FLS are increasingly recognised as a critical component driving synovial tissue remodelling by interacting with immune cells resulting in distinct synovial pathotypes of RA.

Methods: Automated high-content fluorescence microscopy of co-cultured cytokine-activated FLS and autologous peripheral CD4 T cells from patients with RA was established to quantify cell-cell interactions.

Osmotically Delaminated Silicate Nanosheet-Coated NCM for Ultra-Stable Li Storage and Chemical Stability Toward Long-Term Air Exposure.

To ensure the safety and performance of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), a rational design and optimization of suitable cathode materials are crucial. Lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxides (NCM) represent one of the most popular cathode materials for commercial LIBs. However, they are limited by several critical issues, such as transition metal dissolution, formation of an unstable cathode-electrolyte interphase (CEI) layer, chemical instability upon air exposure, and mechanical instability.

The diagnostic accuracy of 332 incisional biopsies in patients with malignant tumors in the musculoskeletal system.

Background: It is known that specimen collection followed by histopathological workup is the core of evidence-based medical therapy of musculoskeletal tumors. There exist many controversies about how a biopsy should be performed. While some centers recommend minimal invasive biopsy procedures, mostly the core needle biopsy (CNB), others prefer the incisional biopsy.

Modulating Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy and Its Clinical Applications in Cancer.

Autophagy is a central mechanism for maintaining cellular homeostasis in health and disease as it provides the critical energy through the breakdown and recycling of cellular components and molecules within lysosomes. One of the three types of autophagy is chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), a degradation pathway selective for soluble cytosolic proteins that contain a targeting motif related to KFERQ in their amino acid sequence. This motif marks them as CMA substrate and is, in the initial step of CMA, recognised by the heat shock protein 70 (Hsc70).

Clinical Presentation and MRI Characteristics of Appendicular Soft Tissue Lymphoma: A Systematic Review.

Appendicular soft tissue lymphoma (ASTL) is rare and is frequently misinterpreted as soft tissue sarcoma (STS). Studies investigating magnet resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of ASTL are scarce and showed heterogenous investigation criteria and results. The purpose of this study was to systematically review clinical presentations and MRI characteristics of ASTL as described in the current literature.

Diagnostic and Therapeutic Pathways of Intramuscular Myxoma.

Intramuscular myxomas (IMMs) are benign tumors. Evidence regarding diagnostic and therapeutic pathways is rare, and guidelines do not exist due to their low incidence. The aim of this study was a retrospective analysis at a university cancer center and the interdisciplinary re-evaluation of the individual diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.

Comparison of Arthroscopic versus Open Placement of the Fibular Tunnel in Posterolateral Corner Reconstruction.

Introduction:  Precise fibular tunnel placement in posterolateral corner (PLC) reconstruction is crucial in restoring rotational and lateral stability. Despite the recent progress of arthroscopic PLC reconstruction techniques, landmarks for arthroscopic fibular tunnel placement and a comparison to open tunnel placement have not yet been described. This study aimed to (1) identify reasonable soft-tissue and bony landmarks, which can be identified by either arthroscopy, fluoroscopy, or open surgery in anatomic fibular tunnel placement and (2) to compare accuracy and reliability of arthroscopic fibular tunnel placement with open surgery.

Clinical Routine and Necessary Advances in Soft Tissue Tumor Imaging Based on the ESSR Guideline: Initial Findings.

Soft tissue sarcomas are malignant diseases with a complex classification and various histological subtypes, mostly clinically inconspicuous appearance, and a rare occurrence. To ensure safe patient care, the European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology (ESSR) issued a guideline for diagnostic imaging of soft tissue tumors in adults in 2015. In this study, we investigated whether implementation of these guidelines resulted in improved MRI protocol and report quality in patients with soft tissue sarcomas in our cancer center.

Can homogeneous, lipomatous tumors be primarily resected without biopsy? A retrospective analysis of 240 tumors.

Background: According to guidelines, every soft tissue tumor (STT) larger than 3 cm should be biopsied before definitive resection. Advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) improve the possibility to give a provisional diagnosis of the tumor's entity. Can lipomas and atypical lipomatous tumors (ALTs) of the extremities therefore be primarily marginally resected based on interpretation of MR images without a previous biopsy?.

Outcomes and prognostic factors after surgery for bone metastases in the extremities and pelvis: A retrospective analysis of 140 patients.

Background: Surgical therapy of bone metastases is becoming increasingly important due to prolonged life expectancy and improved oncological treatment options. In a mostly palliative approach, it is necessary to identify those patients who might benefit from surgery. The shorter the remaining lifetime, the more restricted the indication and the less radical the intervention should be.

Clinical results after arthroscopic reconstruction of the posterolateral corner of the knee: A prospective randomized trial comparing two different surgical techniques.

Introduction: Arthroscopic reconstruction techniques of the posterolateral corner (PLC) of the knee have been developed in recent years. Reconstruction techniques for higher-grade PLC injuries have not yet been validated in clinical studies. This study aimed to compare clinical outcomes of two different techniques and to present results of the first prospective randomized clinical trial of patients to undergo these novel procedures.

Differentiable Direct Volume Rendering.

We present a differentiable volume rendering solution that provides differentiability of all continuous parameters of the volume rendering process. This differentiable renderer is used to steer the parameters towards a setting with an optimal solution of a problem-specific objective function. We have tailored the approach to volume rendering by enforcing a constant memory footprint via analytic inversion of the blending functions.

The Effect of Interlayer Anion Grafting on Water Oxidation Electrocatalysis: A Comparative Study of Ni- and Co-Based Brucite-Type Layered Hydroxides, Layered Double Hydroxides and Hydroxynitrate Salts.

The urge for carbon-neutral green energy conversion and storage technologies has invoked the resurgence of interest in applying brucite-type materials as low-cost oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts in basic media. Transition metal layered hydroxides belonging to the brucite-type structure family have been shown to display remarkable electrochemical activity. Recent studies on the earth-abundant Fe containing mössbauerite and Fe rich Co-Fe layered oxyhydroxide carbonates have suggested that grafted interlayer anions might play a key role in OER catalysis.

Musculoskeletal Soft-Tissue Sarcoma: Quality Assessment of Initial MRI Reports Shows Frequent Deviation from ESSR Guidelines.

Soft-tissue sarcomas (STS) are a rare subtype of soft-tissue mass and are frequently misinterpreted as benign lesions. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the primary recommended type of diagnostics. To assess the quality of primary radiology reports, we investigated whether recommended MRI report elements were included in compliance with European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology (ESSR) guidelines.

Low valent lead and tin hydrides in reactions with heteroallenes.

Low valent organoelement hydrides of tin and lead, [(Ar*SnH)] and [(Ar*PbH)], were reacted with diorganocarbodiimide and adamantylisocyanate to give products of hydroelementation reactions. Carbon dioxide also reacts with both low valent hydrides, but a reaction product was only characterized in the tin hydride case. A hydride was transferred to the carbon atom and the formed formate anion [HCO] shows coordination at two tin atoms.

Arthroscopic anatomy of the posterolateral corner of the knee: anatomic relations and arthroscopic approaches.

Introduction: Although open-surgical techniques for the reconstruction of the posterolateral corner (PLC) are well established, the use of arthroscopic procedures has recently increased. When compared with open surgical preparation, arthroscopic orientation in the PLC is challenging and anatomic relations may not be familiar. Nevertheless, a profound knowledge of anatomic key structures and possible structures at risk as well as technical variations of arthroscopic approaches are mandatory to allow a precise and safe surgical intervention.

Tetryl-Tetrylene Addition to Phenylacetylene.

Phenylacetylene adds [Ar*GeH -SnAr'], [Ar*GeH -PbAr'] and [Ar'SnH -PbAr*] at rt in a regioselective and stereoselective reaction. The highest reactivity was found for the stannylene, which reacts immediately upon addition of one equivalent of alkyne. However, the plumbylenes exhibit addition to the alkyne only in reaction with an excess of phenylacetylene.

Learning Adaptive Sampling and Reconstruction for Volume Visualization.

A central challenge in data visualization is to understand which data samples are required to generate an image of a data set in which the relevant information is encoded. In this article, we make a first step towards answering the question of whether an artificial neural network can predict where to sample the data with higher or lower density, by learning of correspondences between the data, the sampling patterns and the generated images. We introduce a novel neural rendering pipeline, which is trained end-to-end to generate a sparse adaptive sampling structure from a given low-resolution input image, and reconstructs a high-resolution image from the sparse set of samples.

Posterolateral corner of the knee: a systematic literature review of current concepts of arthroscopic reconstruction.

Introduction: Injuries of the posterolateral corner (PLC) of the knee lead to chronic lateral and external rotational instability and are often associated with PCL injuries. Numerous surgical techniques for repair and reconstruction of the PLC are established. Recently, several arthroscopic techniques have been published in order to address different degrees of PLC injuries through reconstruction of one or more functional structures.

Volumetric Isosurface Rendering with Deep Learning-Based Super-Resolution.

Rendering an accurate image of an isosurface in a volumetric field typically requires large numbers of data samples. Reducing this number lies at the core of research in volume rendering. With the advent of deep learning networks, a number of architectures have been proposed recently to infer missing samples in multidimensional fields, for applications such as image super-resolution.

Low valent lead hydride chemistry: hydroplumbylation of phenylacetylene and 1,1-dimethylallene.

Hydroplumbylation reactions of the low valent organolead hydride [(Ar*PbH)2] with phenylacetylene and 1,1-dimethylallene are presented. A vinyl plumbylene was isolated in the case of the alkyne reaction exhibiting a down field NMR signal for the CH unit attached to the low valent heavy atom. 1,1-Dimethylallene affords formation of an allyl plumbylene.

Deprotonation of Organogermanium and Organotin Trihydrides.

Terphenyltin and terphenylgermanium trihydrides were deprotonated in reaction with strong bases, such as LiMe, LDA, or KBn. In the solid state, the Li salts of the germate anion and exhibit a Li-Ge contact. In the Li salt of the dihydridostannate anion , the Li cation is not coordinated at the tin atom instead an interaction of the Li cation with the hydride substituents was found.

The complement receptor C5aR1 contributes to renal damage but protects the heart in angiotensin II-induced hypertension.

Adaptive and innate immune responses contribute to hypertension and hypertensive end-organ damage. Here, we determined the role of anaphylatoxin C5a, a major inflammatory effector of the innate immune system that is generated in response to complement activation, in hypertensive end-organ damage. For this purpose, we assessed the phenotype of C5a receptor 1 (C5aR1)-deficient mice in ANG II-induced renal and cardiac injury.

Nickel-triad complexes of a side-on coordinating distannene.

NHC adducts of the stannylene Trip2 Sn (Trip=2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl) were reacted with zero-valent Ni, Pd, and Pt precursor complexes to cleanly yield the respective metal complexes featuring a three-membered ring moiety Sn-Sn-M along with carbene transfer onto the metal and complete substitution of the starting ligands. Thus the easily accessible NHC adducts to stannylenes are shown to be valuable precursors for transition-metal complexes with an unexpected SnSn bond. The complexes have been studied by X-ray diffraction and NMR spectroscopy as well as DFT calculations.

Steerable sheath catheter navigation for ablation of atrial fibrillation: a case-control study.

Background: Lack of stable access to all desired ablation target sites is one of the limitations for efficacious circumferential left atrial (LA) pulmonary vein (PV) ablation. Targeting that, new catheter navigation technologies have been developed. The aim of this study was to describe atrial fibrillation (AF) mapping and ablation using manually controlled steerable sheath catheter navigation and to compare it against an ablation approach with a nonsteerable sheath.