Decreased Human Leukocyte Antigen DR on Circulating Monocytes Expression After Severe Pediatric Trauma: An Exploratory Report.

Objectives: Major trauma in adults induces immune dysfunction, with diminished expression of human leukocyte antigen-DR on circulating monocytes. No pediatric data are available. This study described the kinetics of human leukocyte antigen-DR on circulating monocytes following major pediatric trauma and relationships between human leukocyte antigen-DR on circulating monocytes and outcomes.

Overloaded and Unrestrained: A Qualitative Study with Local Experts Exploring Factors Affecting Child Car Restraint Use in Cape Town, South Africa.

(1) : Children in South Africa experience significant impacts from road injury due to the high frequency of road crashes and the low uptake of road safety measures (including the use of appropriate child restraints). The current study aimed to assess the feasibility of a child restraint program and to describe factors influencing child restraint use from the perspectives of clinicians, representatives of non-government agencies, and academics in Cape Town, South Africa. (2) : Qualitative interviews were conducted with 13 experts from government, academic and clinical backgrounds.

Affordability and Availability of Child Restraints in an Under-Served Population in South Africa.

Background: Child road traffic injuries are a major global public health problem and the issue is particularly burdensome in middle-income countries such as South Africa where injury death rates are 41 per 100,000 for under 5's and 24.5 per 100,000 for 5-14-year-old. Despite their known effectiveness in reducing injuries amongst children, the rates of use of child restraint systems (CRS) remains low in South Africa.

Children Listening to Music or Watching Cartoons During ER Procedures: A RCT.

Objective: This study aims to determine if listening to music and watching cartoons are effective to distract children from pain and distress during procedures in the emergency room (ER).

Methods: This study is a single-center, 3-armed, superiority randomized controlled trial comparing listening to music, watching cartoons, and standard care during ER procedures in children aged 3-13 years. The primary outcome was pain measured from video footage with the Alder Hey Triage Pain Score (AHTPS).

International Study of the Epidemiology of Paediatric Trauma: PAPSA Research Study.

Objectives: Trauma is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The literature on paediatric trauma epidemiology in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is limited. This study aims to gather epidemiological data on paediatric trauma.

Foreign bodies in a pediatric emergency department in South Africa.

Objectives: Foreign body-related pediatric trauma has a high incidence, but studies with large data sets are rare and typically stem from Western settings. The aim of this study was to identify characteristics of foreign body-related trauma in children treated at our trauma unit in South Africa.

Methods: In this retrospective study, we analyzed all foreign body-related trauma admissions from 1991 to 2009.

Inhaled foreign bodies in children: a global perspective on their epidemiological, clinical, and preventive aspects.

Context: While several articles describe clinical management of foreign bodies injuries in the upper air tract, little epidemiological evidence is available from injury databases.

Objective: This article aims to understand the burden of airway FB injuries in high-, low-, and middle-income countries as emerging from scientific literature.

Data Sources: One thousand six hundred ninety-nine published articles 1978-2008.

Food foreign body injuries.

Rationale And Aim: The purpose of this study is to acquire a better understanding of Food Foreign Bodies (FFB) injuries in children characterizing the risk of complications and prolonged hospitalization due to food items according to patients' characteristics, circumstances of the accident, Foreign Body (FB) features and FB location, as emerging from the SUSY Safe Web-Registry.

Methods: The present study uses data provided by the SUSY Safe Project, a DG SANCO co-funded project started in February 2005, which was aimed at establishing an international registry of cases of Foreign Bodies (FB) injuries in children aged 0-14 years. The analysis was carried out on injuries due to a food item.

Non-operative management of renal trauma in very young children: experiences from a dedicated South African paediatric trauma unit.

Blunt abdominal trauma results in renal injury in 10% of paediatric cases. Over the last twenty years, the management of paediatric renal trauma has shifted towards a primarily non-operative approach that is now well-established for children up to 18 years old. This retrospective study reviews our experiences of non-operatively managing blunt renal trauma in a very young cohort of patients up to 11 years old.

Paediatric trauma care.

Background: Childhood trauma has become a major cause of mortality and morbidity, disability and socio-economic burden and it is expected by the World Health Organization (WHO) that by 2020 it will be the number 1 disease globally. The WHO and UNICEF have published their third World Report on Child Injury Prevention in December 2008.

Materials And Methods: A systematic review was performed on the history and magnitude of paediatric trauma worldwide.