Repair of Inferior Alveolar Nerve in Orthognathic Surgery Simulator (RIANOS): A Novel, Open-Source, Combined 3D Printed, and Ex-Vivo Chicken Sciatic Nerve Training Model.

Study Design: Face and content validation of a surgical simulation model.

Objective: Accidental transection of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) during bilateral sagittal split osteotomies (BSSO) has a reported incidence of up to 7%, determining important sensory disturbances in patients. Proper repair demands the need of microsurgical anastomosis skills.

Simulating A Subcondylar Mandibular Fracture With Intraoral Open Reduction and Internal Fixation: A Novel Education Tool for Residents.

Study Design: Face and content validation of a surgical simulation model.

Objective: Open reduction and internal fixation in displaced subcondylar mandibular fractures is standard care. This requires an extraoral (eg: retromandibular, transparotideal) or intraoral approach.

A novel aminotransferase gene and its regulator acquired in Saccharomyces by a horizontal gene transfer event.

Background: Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is an evolutionary mechanism of adaptive importance, which has been deeply studied in wine S. cerevisiae strains, where those acquired genes conferred improved traits related to both transport and metabolism of the nutrients present in the grape must. However, little is known about HGT events that occurred in wild Saccharomyces yeasts and how they determine their phenotypes.

Adaptive evolution in the Saccharomyces kudriavzevii Aro4p promoted a reduced production of higher alcohols.

The use of unconventional yeast species in human-driven fermentations has attracted a lot of attention in the last few years. This tool allows the alcoholic beverage industries to solve problems related to climate change or the consumer demand for newer high-quality products. In this sense, one of the most attractive species is Saccharomyces kudriavzevii, which shows interesting fermentative traits such as the increased and diverse aroma compound production in wines.

Functional divergence in the proteins encoded by ARO80 from S. uvarum, S. kudriavzevii and S. cerevisiae explain differences in the aroma production during wine fermentation.

Phenylethanol (PE) and phenylethyl acetate (PEA) are commonly desired compounds in wine because of their rose-like aroma. The yeast S. cerevisiae produces the PE either through de novo biosynthesis by shikimate pathway followed by the Ehrlich pathway or the direct phenylalanine catabolism via Ehrlich pathway, and then converted into PEA.

Non-Specific Antibodies Induce Lysosomal Activation in Atlantic Salmon Macrophages Infected by .

, an aggressive intracellular pathogen, is the etiological agent of salmonid rickettsial septicemia (SRS). This is a chronic multisystemic disease that generates high mortalities and large losses in Chilean salmon farming, threatening the sustainability of the salmon industry. Previous reports suggest that is able to survive and replicate in salmonid macrophages, inducing an anti-inflammatory environment and a limited lysosomal response that may be associated with host immune evasion mechanisms favoring bacterial survival.

An Out-of-Patagonia migration explains the worldwide diversity and distribution of Saccharomyces eubayanus lineages.

Population-level sampling and whole-genome sequences of different individuals allow one to identify signatures of hybridization, gene flow and potential molecular mechanisms of environmental responses. Here, we report the isolation of 160 Saccharomyces eubayanus strains, the cryotolerant ancestor of lager yeast, from ten sampling sites in Patagonia along 2,000 km of Nothofagus forests. Frequency of S.

Molecular profiling of beer wort fermentation diversity across natural Saccharomyces eubayanus isolates.

The utilization of S. eubayanus has recently become a topic of interest due to the novel organoleptic properties imparted to beer. However, the utilization of S.

Distinct Transcriptional Changes in Response to Patulin Underlie Toxin Biosorption Differences in .

Patulin (4-hydroxy-4H-furo[3,2c]pyran-2[6H]-one) is a mycotoxin produced by a suite of fungi species. Patulin is toxic to humans and is a sporadic contaminant in products that were made from fungi-infected fruits. The baker yeast has been shown to decrease patulin levels likely by converting it to the less harmful E-ascladiol, yet this capacity is dependent on the strain utilized.

Non-lysosomal Activation in Macrophages of Atlantic Salmon () After Infection With .

is a facultative intracellular pathogen and etiological agent of the systemic disease salmonid rickettsial septicemia. It has been suggested that is able to survive in host macrophages, localized within a vacuole like-compartment which prevents lysosomal degradation. However, the relevant aspects of the pathogenesis of as the host modulation that allow its intracellular survival have been poorly characterized.

and Natural Variants Underlie Glycerol Yield Differences in Wine Fermentation.

Glycerol is one of the most important by-products of alcohol fermentation, and depending on its concentration it can contribute to wine flavor intensity and aroma volatility. Here, we evaluated the potential of utilizing the natural genetic variation of non-coding regions in budding yeast to identify allelic variants that could modulate glycerol phenotype during wine fermentation. For this we utilized four strains (WE - Wine/European, SA - Sake, NA - North American, and WA - West African), which were previously profiled for genome-wide Allele Specific Expression (ASE) levels.

Genetic basis of mycotoxin susceptibility differences between budding yeast isolates.

Micophenolic acid (MPA) is an immunosuppressant mycotoxin which impairs yeast cell growth to variable degrees depending on the genetic background. Such variation could have emerged from several phenomena, including MPA gene resistance mutations and variations in copy number and localisation of resistance genes. To test this, we evaluated MPA susceptibility in four S.

Identification of Nitrogen Consumption Genetic Variants in Yeast Through QTL Mapping and Bulk Segregant RNA-Seq Analyses.

is responsible for wine must fermentation. In this process, nitrogen represents a limiting nutrient and its scarcity results in important economic losses for the wine industry. Yeast isolates use different strategies to grow in poor nitrogen environments and their genomic plasticity enables adaptation to multiple habitats through improvements in nitrogen consumption.

DNA methylation and small interference RNAs participate in the regulation of MADS-box genes involved in dormancy in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.).

Epigenetic modifications can yield information about connections between genotype, phenotype variation and environmental conditions. Bud dormancy release in temperate perennial fruit trees depends on internal and environmental signals such as cold accumulation and photoperiod. Previous investigations have noted the participation of epigenetic mechanisms in the control of this physiological process.

Topographic arrangement of the rotundo-entopallial projection in the pigeon (Columba livia).

The tectofugal pathway (retina--optic tectum--nucleus rotundus--entopallium) is a prominent route mediating visual discrimination in diurnal birds. Several lines of evidence have shown that at the tecto-rotundal stage this pathway is composed of multiple parallel channels. Anatomical studies show that the nucleus rotundus is composed of at least four subdivisions, according to differences in cytoarchitectonic, histochemical, and hodological properties.