Conventionally and digitally fabricated removable complete dentures: manufacturing accuracy, fracture resistance and repairability.

Objectives: Conventionally and digitally manufactured removable complete dentures with different dentition forms were examined for manufacturing accuracy (trueness, precision), fracture forces under torsional loading and subsequent repairability.

Methods: A total of 90 mandibular prostheses were manufactured. Ten were made using the injection molding technique and finished with prefabricated teeth.

Cytocompatibility of Polymers for Skin-Contact Applications Produced via Pellet Extrusion.

Orthoses and prostheses (O&P) play crucial roles in assisting individuals with limb deformities or amputations. Proper material selection for these devices is imperative to ensure mechanical robustness and biocompatibility. While traditional manufacturing methods have limitations in terms of customization and reproducibility, additive manufacturing, particularly pellet extrusion (PEX), offers promising advancements.

The effect of thermomechanical aging on the fracture resistance of additively and subtractively manufactured polyetheretherketone abutments.

Objectives: To evaluate the fracture resistance (FR) of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) abutments produced by additive and subtractive methods compared to milled zirconia abutments.

Methods: Custom abutments were designed on Ti-base abutments and produced from three different materials, namely additively manufactured PEEK (PEEK-AM), subtractively manufactured PEEK (PEEK-SM), and zirconia (N = 60). PEEK-AM abutments were printed using PEEK filaments (VESTAKEEP®i4 3DF-T, Evonik Industries AG) on a M150 Medical 3D Printer (ORION AM) by fused filament fabrication (FFF).

Post-processing of a 3D-printed denture base polymer: Impact of a centrifugation method on the surface characteristics, flexural properties, and cytotoxicity.

Objectives: To investigate the impact of a centrifugation method on the surface characteristics, flexural properties, and cytotoxicity of an additively manufactured denture base polymer.

Methods: The tested specimens were prepared by digital light processing (DLP). A centrifugation method (CENT) was used to remove the residual uncured resin.

Dimensional Stability of Additively Manufactured Dentate Maxillary Diagnostic Casts in Biobased Model Resin.

This study aimed to evaluate the dimensional stability of maxillary diagnostic casts fabricated from a biobased model resin, which consists of 50% renewable raw materials for sustainable production, a model resin, and stone, over one month. A master maxillary stone cast was digitized with a laboratory scanner to generate a reference file. This master cast was also scanned with an intraoral scanner to additively manufacture casts with a biobased model resin (BAM) and a model resin (AM).

Positional accuracy of a single implant analog in additively manufactured casts in biobased model resin.

Objectives: To evaluate the positional accuracy of implant analogs in biobased model resin by comparing them to that of implant analogs in model resin casts and conventional analogs in dental stone casts.

Methods: Polyvinylsiloxane impressions of a partially edentulous mandibular model with a single implant were made and poured in type IV dental stone. The same model was also digitized with an intraoral scanner and additively manufactured implant casts were fabricated in biobased model resin (FotoDent biobased model) and model resin (FotoDent model 2 beige-opaque) (n = 8).

A balance of biocompatibility and antibacterial capability of 3D printed PEEK implants with natural totarol coating.

Objective: Polyetheretherketone (PEEK), a biomaterial with appropriate bone-like mechanical properties and excellent biocompatibility, is widely applied in cranio-maxillofacial and dental applications. However, the lack of antibacterial effect is an essential drawback of PEEK material and might lead to infection and osseointegration issues. This study aims to apply a natural antibacterial agent, totarol coating onto the 3D printed PEEK surface and find an optimized concentration with balanced cytocompatibility, osteogenesis, and antibacterial capability.

Three-Dimensional Printed Tooth Model with Root Canal Ledge: A Novel Educational Tool for Endodontic Training.

Ledge formation presents a significant challenge in endodontic treatment. Yet, there is still a lack of educational tooth models for hands-on practice. This study aimed to create and evaluate a tooth model for ledge management practice.

Effects of layer thickness and build angle on the microbial adhesion of denture base polymers manufactured by digital light processing.

Purpose: To investigate the effects of printing-layer thickness and build angle on the surface characteristics and microbial adhesion of denture base polymers manufactured by digital light processing (DLP).

Methods: Specimens were additively manufactured using DLP. The specimens were printed with different printing-layer thicknesses (25, 50, and 100 μm) and build angles (0°, 45°, and 90°).

Influence of additive manufacturing method and build angle on the accuracy of 3D-printed palatal plates.

Objectives: In this in vitro study, the effects of additive manufacturing (AM) methods and build angles on the trueness and precision of 3D-printed palatal plate orthodontic appliances for newborns and infants were examined.

Methods: Specimens were fabricated by different representative AM methods, including digital light processing (DLP), fused filament fabrication (FFF), and MultiJet printing (MJP). Three build angles (0°, 45°, and 90°) were used.

Implementation of a Full Digital Workflow by 3D Printing Intraoral Splints Used in Dental Education: An Exploratory Observational Study with Respect to Students' Experiences.

Unlabelled: Fully digital workflows gained acceptance in dental practice and thereby are of interest for undergraduate education. An exploratory clinical observation was designed to track the implementation of such a workflow with novice digital users in order to describe its feasibility, time investment, and pitfalls.

Methods: Students were invited to provide feedback for their experiences with a training module that consisted of the following: intraoral scanning, computer-aided design (CAD), manual finishing, and insertion of a 3D-printed bite splint for the lower jaw.

Adhesive Property of 3D-Printed PEEK Abutments: Effects of Surface Treatment and Temporary Crown Material on Shear Bond Strength.

Three-dimensionally printed polyetheretherketone (PEEK) materials are promising for fabricating customized dental abutments. This study aimed to investigate the adhesive property of a 3D-printed PEEK material. The effects of surface treatment and temporary crown materials on shear bond strength were evaluated.

Post-processing of DLP-printed denture base polymer: Impact of a protective coating on the surface characteristics, flexural properties, cytotoxicity, and microbial adhesion.

Objectives: To investigate the effect of a protective coating on the surface characteristics, flexural properties, cytotoxicity, and microbial adhesion of vat-photopolymerization additive-manufacturing denture base polymers.

Methods: The specimens were additively manufactured using digital light processing (DLP). Specimen surfaces were coated with the same printed resin, and mechanical polishing was used for comparison.

Rapid Additive Manufacturing of a Superlight Obturator for Large Oronasal Fistula in Pediatric Patient.

This study developed a novel digital workflow to fabricate a 3D printed hollow obturator for the prosthetic reconstruction of palatal fistula. It will provide cleft surgeons and therapists a choice for treating children with large palatal fistula before the appropriate age for surgical reconstruction. Laryngoscope, 133:1507-1512, 2023.

Needle Penetration Simulation: Influence of Penetration Angle and Sample Stress on the Mechanical Behaviors of Polymers Applying a Cast Silicone and a 3D-Printed Resin.

For surgical catheterization training applications, realistic and effective materials are desired. In this study, the relevance of a needle puncture angle and a simulated wall stress on different elastic materials were determined in a previously developed experimental setup. Both settings were considered individually in two new setups.

Rinsing postprocessing procedure of a 3D-printed orthodontic appliance material: Impact of alternative post-rinsing solutions on the roughness, flexural strength and cytotoxicity.

Objective: The present study evaluated the effect of different rinsing postprocessing solutions on surface characteristics, flexural strength, and cytotoxicity of an additive manufactured polymer for orthodontic appliances. These solutions have been deemed an alternative to the standard isopropanol which is a flammable liquid, known to have toxic effects.

Methods: Tested specimens were manufactured using direct light processing of an orthodontic appliance polymer (FREEPRINT® splint 2.

Fracture toughness of 3Y-TZP ceramic measured by the Chevron-Notch Beam method: A round-robin study.

Objective: This interlaboratory round robin test investigated the robustness of the Chevron-Notch Beam (CNB) test method and the effect of the processing and testing variations on the fracture toughness of a dental 3Y-TZP ceramic.

Methods: The round robin test was performed precisely following the procedures recommended in ISO 24370:2005 and applied on a commercial 3Y-TZP ceramic (product information). A total of 335 test specimens with dimensions 3×4 x 45 mm³ was equally distributed among 10 participating laboratories of varying experience in fracture toughness testing.

Tailoring the biologic responses of 3D printed PEEK medical implants by plasma functionalization.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of two plasma surface treatments on the biologic responses of PEEK medical implants manufactured by fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printing technology.

Methods: This study created standard PEEK samples using an FFF 3D printer. After fabrication, half of the samples were polished to simulate a smooth PEEK surface.

Shock Absorption Behavior of Elastic Polymers for Sports Mouthguards: An In Vitro Comparison of Thermoplastic Forming and Additive Manufacturing.

Background: There are several in vitro testing options to investigate the efficacy of sports mouthguards. None of these represent everyday situations, but the effects of simple laws of physics can be observed. This enables the comparison of conventional materials for mouthguards towards fabrications from additive manufacturing.

The impact of 3D printed models on spatial orientation in echocardiography teaching.

Purpose: During our transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) courses, medical students showed difficulty in spatial orientation. We implemented the use of 3D printed cardiac models of standard TTE views PLAX, PSAX, and A4C and assessed their efficacy in TTE-teaching.

Methods: One hundred fifty-three participants were split into two groups.

Trueness and precision of skin surface reproduction in digital workflows for facial prosthesis fabrication.

Statement Of Problem: How much skin surface details of facial prostheses can be transferred throughout the digital production chain has not been quantified.

Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to quantify the amount of skin surface details transferred from the prosthesis virtual design through the prototype printing with various additive manufacturing (AM) methods to the definitive silicone prosthesis with an indirect mold-making approach.

Material And Methods: Twelve test blocks with embossed wrinkles of 0.

A virtual patient concept for esthetic and functional rehabilitation in a fully digital workflow.

Background: A combination of facial and intraoral scans produces a fully digitalized virtual patient. This concept allows for a 3D smile design and individualized virtual articulator application, which makes the rehabilitation outcome more predictable in terms of esthetics and function.

Case Presentation: In the present clinical case, the patient was 'digitalized' with the use of facial and intraoral scans.

Multi-Material 3D Printing of a Customized Sports Mouth Guard: Proof-of-Concept Clinical Case.

A multilayer mouth guard is known to have the best protective performance. However, its manufacturing in a digital workflow may be challenging with regards to virtual design and materialization. The present case demonstrates a pathway to fabricate a multilayer individualized mouth guard in a fully digital workflow, which starts with intraoral scanning.

Accuracy of capturing nasal, orbital, and auricular defects with extra- and intraoral optical scanners and smartphone: An in vitro study.

Objectives: This in vitro study compares the scanning accuracy of various stationary and portable as well as extra- and intraoral devices for capturing oncological defects.

Methods: A 3D-printed model of a nasal, orbital, and auricular defect, as well as one of an intact auricle, were digitalized (n = 7 per device) with a stationary optical scanner (Pritiface), a portable extraoral optical scanner (Artec Space Spider), two intraoral scanners (Trios 4 and Primescan), and a smartphone (iPhone 11 Pro). For the reference data, the defect models were digitalized using a laboratory scanner (D2000).