Prenatal diagnosis of Aicardi syndrome based on a suggestive imaging pattern: A multicenter case-series.

Objectives: To characterize a suggestive prenatal imaging pattern of Aicardi syndrome using ultrasound and MR imaging.

Methods: Based on a retrospective international series of Aicardi syndrome cases from tertiary centers encountered over a 20-year period (2000-2020), we investigated the frequencies of the imaging features in order to characterize an imaging pattern highly suggestive of the diagnosis.

Results: Among 20 cases included, arachnoid cysts associated with a distortion of the interhemispheric fissure were constantly encountered associated with complete or partial agenesis of the corpus callosum (19/20, 95%).

Amplitude-integrated electroencephalography for neonatal seizure detection. An electrophysiological point of view.

Seizures in the newborn are associated with high morbidity and mortality, making their detection and treatment critical. Seizure activity in neonates is often clinically obscured, such that detection of seizures is particularly challenging. Amplitude-integrated EEG is a technique for simplified EEG monitoring that has found an increasing clinical application in neonatal intensive care.

Foetal Magnetic Resonance Images of Two Cases of Aicardi Syndrome.

Cerebral malformations are of fundamental importance in the clinical diagnosis of Aicardi Syndrome (AS). Some of these anomalies like callosal agenesis, cysts formation, posterior fossa anomalies and gross interhemispheric asymmetry are easily observed in the prenatal period with the use of foetal Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI). We present two cases of female newborns with cerebral MRI performed in the prenatal period and further diagnosed with AS.

[Early handedness: Warning sign of perinatal stroke. Case series].

Presumed perinatal ischemic stroke is the term used for cases in which an old stroke is diagnosed by the consequences of it and not by the acute symptoms. Many presumed perinatal ischemic strokes have congenital hemiparesis as the first manifestation, which is usually noticed between the fourth and eighth month of life as early hand preference. That is why the clear and persistent handedness developed before one year of age must be assumed as a warning sign of probable motor sequelae.

Presumed perinatal ischemic stroke: A review.

The risk of stroke is actually highest during the perinatal period. However, some newborn infants may have no signs indicative of the need of brain imaging, or brain images taken may not be sensitive enough to diagnose ischemic injuries; so, the diagnosis of stroke may be delayed several months or years. The neurological picture in patients with perinatal stroke detected through neuroimaging months or years after the neonatal period is called presumed perinatal ischemic stroke.

Implementation in Buenos Aires City of a program to prevent neurological damage caused by hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: Therapeutic hypothermia.

Therapeutic hypothermia is the standard of care for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). This treatment was implemented at a regional level by the perinatal network of the City of Buenos Aires. The following are the objectives of this article: 1.

Consequences of partial and severe dopaminergic lesion on basal ganglia oscillatory activity and akinesia.

Severe chronic dopamine (DA) depletion increases the proportion of neurons in the basal ganglia that fire rhythmic bursts of action potential (LFO units) synchronously with the cortical oscillations. Here we report on how different levels of mesencephalic DA denervation affect substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNpr) neuronal activity in the rat and its relationship to akinesia (stepping test). Chronic nigrostriatal lesion induced with 0 (control group), 4, 6 or 8 microg of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the medial forebrain bundle resulted in a dose-dependent decrease of tyrosine hydroxylase positive (TH+) neurons in the SN and ventral tegmental area (VTA).