Impact of dextrose supplementation on intraoperative blood glucose levels in pediatric patients undergoing major surgeries under general anesthesia with caudal analgesia.

Background And Aims: In children undergoing surgery, the stress responses of surgery can result in blood glucose elevation consequent to release of cortisol and catecholamines. The use of a regional block could attenuate the stress responses and lower the blood glucose levels. We compared the blood glucose values at specified time points during surgery with and without additional dextrose to evaluate the need for glucose supplementation as our primary outcome.

Oral acute graft-versus-host disease.

Oral acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is rare and with no diagnostic criteria. We report a case of oral aGVHD with three clinical phases. A self-limited prodrome of largely subjective oral symptoms was followed by concurrent oral and upper gastrointestinal aGVHD.

A sex-dependent salivary bacterium influences oral mucositis severity after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation.

The success of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT) in curing hematologic disorders is limited by its short- and long-term toxicities. One such toxicity is oral mucositis (OM), causing pain, speech/swallowing difficulty, and prolonged hospitalization. Although conditioning chemoradiotherapy is the direct cause of OM, potential host-intrinsic mediators of mucosal injury remain elusive.

Pseudo-subarachnoid haemorrhage: An unusual presentation of hyperviscosity syndrome.

Hyperviscosity syndrome can present with haematological, neurological or cardiovascular manifestations. The common differential diagnoses for severe headache and altered sensorium in a patient with Eisenmenger syndrome include brain abscess, meningitis, cortical venous thrombosis and subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). We report a patient with Eisenmenger syndrome with hyperviscosity, presenting as pseudo-SAH, which was successfully treated with phlebotomy.

How I treat newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Treatment algorithms differ for adult patients with Philadelphia-negative (Ph-) and Philadelphia-positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). For Ph- ALL intensive induction-consolidation chemotherapy using "pediatric-inspired" protocols is a standard of care. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) from either an HLA-matched sibling, unrelated or haploidentical donor should be considered for patients with high estimated risk of relapse.

Persuading Patients Using Rhetoric to Improve Artificial Intelligence Adoption: Experimental Study.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) can transform health care processes with its increasing ability to translate complex structured and unstructured data into actionable clinical decisions. Although it has been established that AI is much more efficient than a clinician, the adoption rate has been slower in health care. Prior studies have pointed out that the lack of trust in AI, privacy concerns, degrees of customer innovativeness, and perceived novelty value influence AI adoption.

Comparison of multiple risk scores in assessing medium-to long-term clinical outcomes in unstable angina / non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients undergoing multi vessel percutaneous coronary intervention: An observational, registry-based study in India.

Objective: Post-revascularization mortality in multivessel coronary artery disease (MVCAD) has been explored via several risk scores. Here, we assessed and compared various risk scores in predicting medium to long-term clinical outcomes in unstable angina/non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (UA/NSTEMI) patients with MVCAD undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods: We analyzed a cohort of a tertiary care center registry enrolling patients in South India, Kerala, with MVCAD (N = 200) who had undergone PCI between 2010 and 2018.

An Overview of Agricultural Injuries in Florida from 2015-2019.

HIGHLIGHTS We identified 48 fatal and 187 non-fatal agricultural injuries in Florida from 2015-2019. Vehicles and environmental sources were the two leading injury sources. Using multiple data sources helped us understand the at-risk populations.

Training in congenital interventional cardiology: interviews with experts from around the globe - part one.

The foundation of wisdom is rooted in experience, and thus we reflexively call upon our senior leaders, mentors, coaches, and family members for guidance in our personal and professional lives. Witnessing the weathered perspectives of others allows for an internal audit of one's own strengths and deficiencies, which ultimately inspires personal growth. This experience is heightened when both the mentor and the mentee, for example, share a common goal.

Characterization of Hematopoiesis in Sickle Cell Disease by Prospective Isolation of Stem and Progenitor Cells.

The consequences of sickle cell disease (SCD) include ongoing hematopoietic stress, hemolysis, vascular damage, and effect of chronic therapies, such as blood transfusions and hydroxyurea, on hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) have been poorly characterized. We have quantified the frequencies of nine HSPC populations by flow cytometry in the peripheral blood of pediatric and adult patients, stratified by treatment and control cohorts. We observed broad differences between SCD patients and healthy controls.

Fostering researcher identity in STEM distance education: impact of a student-led on-line case study.

Researcher identity can be defined as the totality of traits such as confidence, logical thinking and having both the ability to design experiments, interpret results, and the desire to seek and succeed in authentic research. Therefore, the development of students' researcher identity can be supported by authentic research experiences embedded in introductory courses. Distance courses are increasingly more appealing to students and institutions, and there is a need to assess to what extent web-based education can provide opportunities to foster researcher identity.

Correlation between tumour biology status measured in triple-tracer 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-18F-fluorothymidine- 18F-fluoromisonidazole-PET/CT study and human papillomavirus status in patients with head and neck cancer.

Objective: Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been usually associated with gynaecological cancers; however, recent studies have shown that this virus plays an important role in head and neck cancer. The aim of this study was to correlate PET/CT parameters in HPV-positive (HPV) and HPV-negative (HPV) patients using three tracers showing glucose metabolism, proliferation and hypoxia.

Patients And Methods: Thirty-six patients (10 females and 26 males) with newly diagnosed head and neck cancer were enroled to this retrospective study.

"Identification of Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterium by LPA (CM/AS) assay, HPLC and biochemical test: which is feasible for RNTCP?".

Introduction: Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) causing clinical disease have become increasingly common and more diverse. The development of fast, inexpensive, and reliable tests to identify nontuberculous mycobacteria is need of the hour especially under the Revised National TB Control Programme (RNTCP). The Aim of the study was to check the Diagnostic efficacy of the GenoType Mycobacterium CM/AS assay compared with HPLC and Biochemical Test for Identification of Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria under the Revised Tuberculosis Control Programme.

Recurrence of tuberculosis among newly diagnosed sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients treated under the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme, India: A multi-centric prospective study.

Introduction: There is lack of information on the proportion of new smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients treated with a 6-month thrice-weekly regimen under Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) who develop recurrent TB after successful treatment outcome.

Objective: To estimate TB recurrence among newly diagnosed PTB patients who have successfully completed treatment and to document endogenous reactivation or re-infection. Risk factors for unfavourable outcomes to treatment and TB recurrence were determined.

Synthetic Materials for Osteochondral Tissue Engineering.

The objective of an articular cartilage repair treatment is to repair the affected surface of an articular joint's hyaline cartilage. Currently, both biological and tissue engineering research is concerned with discovering the clues needed to stimulate cells to regenerate tissues and organs totally or partially. The latest findings on nanotechnology advances along with the processability of synthetic biomaterials have succeeded in creating a new range of materials to develop into the desired biological responses to the cellular level.

Non-Tuberculosis mycobacterium speciation using HPLC under Revised National TB Control Programme (RNTCP) in India.

Aims: Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous in nature. The data on prevalence of NTM under the RNTCP is scarce. Many NTM species have clinical significance, and hence their identification and speciation are important.

Cost analysis of different diagnostic algorithms for pulmonary tuberculosis varying in placement of Xpert MTB/RIF.

Background: We undertook cost analysis for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) using present algorithm under Revised National Tuberculosis Control programme and using Xpert MTB/RIF (Xpert) as frontline test or in conjunction with smear microscopy and/or chest radiography.

Methods: Costs were estimated for different strategies: (A) present algorithm involving sputum smear examination followed by antibiotic trial in smear negative patients, repeat smear examination (RE) if symptoms continue and chest radiography if RE negative; (B) direct Xpert; (C) smear microscopy followed by Xpert in smear negative patients; (D) radiography followed by Xpert in those having abnormal pulmonary shadows; and (E) smear examination followed by radiography among smear negative patients and Xpert in presence of abnormal pulmonary shadow.

Results: Cost to program was estimated lowest with Strategy A and highest with Strategy B.

Perforated Gastric Gangrene without Pneumothorax in an Adult Bochdalek Hernia due to Volvulus.

Bochdalek hernia is the most frequent congenital diaphragmatic hernia which occurs due to a defect in the posterior attachment of the diaphragm when there is a failure of closure of the pleuroperitoneal membrane in utero. It rarely presents for the first time in adults. We report one such case of a 23-year-old male patient who presented with an acute abdomen.

S1 guideline: microscopically controlled surgery (MCS).

When using procedures that enable complete examination of surgical margins (3D histology), microscopically controlled surgery (MCS) represents a safe and proven method to confirm R0 resection of infiltrating tumors, especially at problematic sites, while preserving the adjacent tissue. This allows for excellent or good aesthetic results that are superior (cryosurgery, short-range irradiation) or equivalent (PDT) to nonsurgical and less safe procedures (PDT).

Analysis of sparse data in logistic regression in medical research: A newer approach.

Background And Objective: In the analysis of dichotomous type response variable, logistic regression is usually used. However, the performance of logistic regression in the presence of sparse data is questionable. In such a situation, a common problem is the presence of high odds ratios (ORs) with very wide 95% confidence interval (CI) (OR: >999.

Antimicrobial action and anti-corrosion effect against sulfate reducing bacteria by lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oil and its major component, the citral.

The anti-corrosion effect and the antimicrobial activity of lemongrass essential oil (LEO) against the planktonic and sessile growth of a sulfate reducing bacterium (SRB) were evaluated. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of LEO and its major component, the citral, was 0.17 mg ml-1.