Performance of Urinary Markers in Patients With Suspicious Cystoscopy During Follow-up of Recurrent Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: BTA Stat, NMP22 BladderChek, UBC Rapid Test, CancerCheck UBC Rapid VISUAL, and Uromonitor in Comparison to Cytology.

Objective: To compare all available rapid tests on a large cohort of recurrent bladder cancer during follow-up in this multicentre-study is the first study. BTA stat, NMP22 BladderChek, UBC Rapid Test CancerCheck UBC rapid VISUAL, and uromonitor are urinary-based rapid tests for bladder cancer detection.

Methods: In total, 187 urine samples were analyzed from patients with suspected recurrent non-muscle invasive urothelial bladder cancer on cystoscopy during follow-up in a real-world assessment.

BTA stat®, NMP22® BladderChek®, UBC® Rapid Test, and CancerCheck® UBC® rapid VISUAL as urinary marker for bladder cancer: Final results of a German multicenter study.

Introduction And Objective: BTA stat®, NMP22® BladderChek®, UBC® Rapid Test, and CancerCheck® UBC® rapid VISUAL are urinary-based rapid tests. This multicenter study is the first study comparing all available rapid tests on a large cohort of bladder cancer patients and healthy controls in one setting.

Methods: In total 732 urine samples (second morning urine) in a real-world assessment have been analyzed.

Prediction of Response to Cisplatin-Based Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy of Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Patients by Molecular Subtyping including KRT and FGFR Target Gene Assessment.

Patients with muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma achieving pathological complete response (pCR) upon neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) have improved prognosis. Molecular subtypes of bladder cancer differ markedly regarding sensitivity to cisplatin-based chemotherapy and harbor FGFR treatment targets to various content. The objective of the present study was to evaluate whether preoperative assessment of molecular subtype as well as FGFR target gene expression is predictive for therapeutic outcome—rate of ypT0 status—to justify subsequent prospective validation within the “BladderBRIDGister”.

Predictive value of mRNA expression and dynamic changes from immune related biomarkers in liquid biopsies before and after start of pembrolizumab in stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Background: The aim of this study was to determine whether mRNA expressions and dynamic changes of immune-related genes before and after starting first-line treatment with the PD-1 inhibitor pembrolizumab in patients with NSCLC were of predictive value.

Methods: CD3, CD8, PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4 mRNA expression levels were measured from peripheral blood before and after three weeks of treatment with the PD-1 inhibitor. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed retrospectively.

Identifying the Molecular Mechanisms Contributing to Progression, Metastasis, and Death in Low-grade Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer: A Case Report.

Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder is a common malignancy with an estimated 549 393 new cases occurring in 2018 alone. Both non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) show high recurrence and progression rates, and therefore impose a great burden on patients and health care systems. Current risk stratification and therapy strategies are predominantly based on clinical and histopathological findings for tumor stage and grade.

CD86 Antigen-Presenting B Cells Are Increased in Cancer, Localize in Tertiary Lymphoid Structures, and Induce Specific T-cell Responses.

The role of B cells in antitumor immunity and their impact on emerging immunotherapies is increasingly gaining attention. B-cell effector functions include not only secretion of antibodies, but also presentation of antigens to T cells. A physiologic B-cell subset with immunostimulatory properties was described in humans, defined by a high expression of CD86 and downregulation of CD21.

KRT20, KRT5, ESR1 and ERBB2 Expression Can Predict Pathologic Outcome in Patients Undergoing Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Radical Cystectomy for Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer.

Patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) that underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) prior to radical cystectomy (RC) show improved overall survival, especially those with pathological complete response (pCR). The response to NAC according to molecular subtypes has been discussed. Molecular targets such as estrogen receptor (ESR1) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (ERBB2) play an important role in breast cancer management and have also been associated with urothelial bladder cancer.

mRNA-Expression of and Defines Distinct Prognostic Subgroups of Muscle-Invasive Urothelial Bladder Cancer Correlating with Histological Variants.

Recently, muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) has been subclassified by gene expression profiling, with a substantial impact on therapy response and patient outcome. We tested whether these complex molecular subtypes of MIBC can be determined by mRNA detection of keratin 5 () and keratin 20 (). Reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was applied to quantify gene expression of and using TaqMan-based assays in 122 curatively treated MIBC patients (median age 68.

A multicenter round robin test of PD-L1 expression assessment in urothelial bladder cancer by immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR with emphasis on prognosis prediction after radical cystectomy.

Background: Immunohistochemical PD-L1 assessment is currently used to identify responders towards checkpoint inhibitors although it is limited by inter-observer effects. Here, we conducted a multi-center round robin test to prove the possibility of assessing the PD-L1 status by gene expression to avoid inter-observer effects.

Patients And Methods: Gene expression of PD-L1 was analyzed in a total of 294 samples (14 cases non-muscle invasive and muscle-invasive bladder cancer; MIBC) in seven centers by a RT-qPCR kit and compared with immunohistochemical scoring of three pathologists (DAKO, 22c3).

Predictive value of molecular subtyping in NMIBC by RT-qPCR of ERBB2, ESR1, PGR and MKI67 from formalin fixed TUR biopsies.

Expression of ESR1, PGR, HER2 and Ki67 is important for risk stratification and therapy in breast cancer. Hormone receptor expression can also be found in MIBC, reflecting luminal and basal subtypes of breast cancer. Thus the purpose was to investigate on the mRNA expression of the aforementioned markers and their prognostic value in pT1 bladder cancer.

Comparison of immunohistochemistry with PCR for assessment of ER, PR, and Ki-67 and prediction of pathological complete response in breast cancer.

Background: Proliferation may predict response to neoadjuvant therapy of breast cancer and is commonly assessed by manual scoring of slides stained by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for Ki-67 similar to ER and PgR. This method carries significant intra- and inter-observer variability. Automatic scoring of Ki-67 with digital image analysis (qIHC) or assessment of MKI67 gene expression with RT-qPCR may improve diagnostic accuracy.

In stage pT1 non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), high KRT20 and low KRT5 mRNA expression identify the luminal subtype and predict recurrence and survival.

Differential expression of cytokeratins (CK) is a characteristic feature of chemoresistant luminal (KRT20) and chemosensitive intrinsic aggressive basal (KRT5) subtypes in muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). We investigated mRNA expression of KRT5 and KRT20 and its predictive value in stage pT1 bladder cancer. In retrospective analysis of clinical data and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues (FFPE) of patients with stage pT1 NMIBC who underwent transurethral resection of the bladder, a single-step RT-qPCR was used to measure mRNA expression.

ERBB2 Expression as Potential Risk-Stratification for Early Cystectomy in Patients with pT1 Bladder Cancer and Concomitant Carcinoma in situ.

Unlabelled: Background/Aims/Objectives: It is difficult to identify patients with a non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) at stage pT1 with concomitant carcinoma in situ (Cis) who will benefit from an early cystectomy.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed clinical data and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues of patients with NMIBC. Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression of progesterone receptor (PGR), estrogen receptor (ESR1), ERBB2, and marker of proliferation Ki-67 (MKI67) was measured by single-step reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction using RNA-specific TaqMan assays.

ESR1, ERBB2, and Ki67 mRNA expression predicts stage and grade of non-muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma (NMIBC).

Pathological staging and grading are crucial for risk assessment in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Molecular grading might support pathological evaluation and minimize interobserver variability. In this study, the well-established breast cancer markers ESR1, PGR, ERBB2, and MKI67 were evaluated as potential molecular markers to support grading and staging in NMIBC.

Prognostic Impact of mRNA Expression Levels of HER1-4 (ERBB1-4) in Patients with Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer.

Background. No predictive or prognostic biomarker is available for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) undergoing perioperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Members of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family of receptor tyrosine kinases EGFR (HER1, ERBB1), HER2 (ERBB2), HER3 (ERBB3), and HER4 (ERBB4) are therapeutic targets in several cancers.

Technical validation of an RT-qPCR in vitro diagnostic test system for the determination of breast cancer molecular subtypes by quantification of ERBB2, ESR1, PGR and MKI67 mRNA levels from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded breast tumor specimens.

Background: MammaTyper is a novel CE-marked in vitro diagnostic RT-qPCR assay which assigns routinely processed breast cancer specimens into the molecular subtypes Luminal A-like, Luminal B-like (HER2 positive or negative), HER2 positive (non-luminal) and Triple negative (ductal) according to the mRNA expression of ERBB2, ESR1, PGR and MKI67 and the St Gallen consensus surrogate clinical definition. Until now and regarding formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded material (FFPE), this has been a task mostly accomplished by immunohistochemistry (IHC). However the discrepancy rates of IHC for the four breast cancer biomarkers are frequently under debate, especially for Ki-67 which carries the highest degree of inter- and even intra-observer variability.

Biological subtyping of early breast cancer: a study comparing RT-qPCR with immunohistochemistry.

The biological subtype of breast cancer influences the selection of systemic therapy. Distinction between luminal A and B cancers depends on consistent assessment of Ki-67, but substantial intra-observer and inter-observer variability exists when immunohistochemistry (IHC) is used. We compared RT-qPCR with IHC in the assessment of Ki-67 and other standard factors used in breast cancer subtyping.

Characterization of tumor-associated B-cell subsets in patients with colorectal cancer.

Purpose: A precise understanding of the mechanisms by which human immune cell subsets affect tumor biology will be critical for successful treatment of cancer using immunotherapeutic approaches. Recent evidence suggests that B cells can both promote and inhibit the development and progression of tumors. The aim of this study was to characterize the composition of the B-cell infiltrates in colorectal cancers (CRC) in order to gain further insight into the role of B cells in CRC.

Association of HER2 Overexpression and Prognosis in Small (T1N0) Primary Breast Cancers.

Background: There is some controversy regarding the precise role and need for adjuvant therapy in patients with pT1a/pT1bN0 breast cancer, although studies have indicated that a HER2-positive status is one of the most powerful poor prognostic factors.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively evaluated disease-free survival (DFS), distant disease-free survival (DDFS), and overall survival (OS) among 960 patients diagnosed between 2000 and 2008 with T1N0 primary breast cancer treated at 3 German centers, and determined prognostic risk factors. Univariate analysis was used to determine associations with potential risk factors.

[Vertebral granulocytic sarcoma--a rare differential diagnosis of vertebral deformity].

Case Report: The authors report on an 83-year-old woman who presented with back pain with sudden onset 6 weeks prior to admission. A radiograph of the lumbar spine revealed a vertebral deformity. An MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scan showed bone marrow edema of the affected vertebra.

A 12-year-old girl presenting with bilateral gigantic Burkitt's lymphoma of the breast.

The female breast rarely constitutes the primary localization for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). The incidence of primary breast lymphoma (PBL) lies between 0.04 and 1.

[Neoadjuvant chemotherapy of primary hepatic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma].

Background: Since primary malignant lymphomas of the liver represent a rare entity, no commonly accepted therapeutic strategy has been developed so far.

Case Study: We report the case of a diffuse large-cell B-cell lymphoma of the liver in a 48-year-old female patient. The tumor presented as a solitary mass measuring 12.