Clear cells of Toker in the developing anogenital region of male and female fetuses.

The clear cells of Toker are a mysterious population of intra-epidermal glandular cells. They were originally described in nipples, but were recently observed in the vulva as well. It was hypothesized that intra-epidermal embryonic remnants or underlying glands were a potential source.

Development and structure of the glandopreputial sulcus of the human clitoris with a special reference to glandopreputial glands.

The structure and development of the sulcus between the glans and prepuce of the human clitoris have hardly been investigated. Interest in its structure was raised when in the female, in contrast to the male, glands were found to develop from the solid lamella-like precursor of the glandopreputial sulcus. It prompted a further histological analysis of the sulcus in female fetuses and newborn and an extension of that study to clitorises of adult women.

Penislike clitorises with megalourethras in nonvirilized female fetuses and a newborn. A histopathologic study and its bearing on their pathogenesis.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the microstructure of penislike clitorises in female pseudohermaphroditism in relation to their pathogenesis.

Methods: Penislike clitorises from 2 fetuses and 1 newborn with anorectal malformations and multiple other caudal anomalies and 1 fetus with phallic urethra duplication were histologically examined in toto.

Results: The penislike clitorises revealed basically female features in the histogenesis of the corpora cavernosa and glans and in the absence of penile raphe, septum, fasciae, and periurethral glands.

Mammary-like gland adenoma of the vulva: review of 46 cases.

Aims: Hidradenoma papilliferum (HP) of the anogenital region, which was previously thought to be an apocrine tumour, is now believed to be derived from anogenital mammary-like glands (MLG) and is more accurately termed MLG adenoma. We sought to explore any ramifications that may have resulted from the perceived change in histogenesis of this tumour.

Methods: We performed a clinicopathological audit of 46 cases.

Müllerian serous cystadenoma of the scrotum following orchiopexy.

A 24-year-old man presented himself with a nodular lesion of about 1 cm diameter at the site of a previous orchiopexy associated with surgery for cryptorchism. Histopathology revealed the lesion to be adenomatous and confined to the scrotum. Histological and immunohistological features were not consistent neither with median raphe cysts or cutaneous adenomas nor with the intrascrotal adenomas of the rete testis, epididymis, nor with (malignant) mesotheliomas.

Duplication of accessory phallic urethra (urethra triplication) in the female, signaling mesenchymal interruptions of the cloacal membrane as a cause for sagittal urethral duplications.

A specimen of accessory phallic urethra duplication (triplication) in a 32.5-week gestation female was studied histologically. The specimen demonstrated an anterior "phallic urethra" ending inside a penoclitoral organ in a megalourethra-like dilatation with a narrow epispadiac meatus and "anterior urethrocutaneous fistula" and a posterior canal opening with the anal canal.