Impact of plaque accumulation on the osseointegration of titanium-zirconium alloy and titanium implants. A histological and immunohistochemical analysis.

Objectives: To evaluate the impact of plaque accumulation on osseointegration at surface enhanced modified hydrophilic titanium-zirconium (TiZr) alloy and titanium (Ti) implants.

Materials And Methods: TiZr and Ti implants with a sand-blasted, acid etched, and chemically modified endosseous and a machined (M) transmucosal portion were bilaterally (i.e.