Cultivation of yeasts on liquid digestate to remove organic pollutants and nutrients and for potential application as co-culture with microalgae.

In this study, the growth of yeast and yeast-like fungi in the liquid digestate from vegetable wastes was investigated in order to remove nutrients and organic pollutants, and for their application as co-culture members with green microalgae. The studied yeast strains were characterized for their assimilative and enzymatic profiles as well as temperature requirements. In the first experimental stage, the growth dynamics of each strain were determined, allowing to select the best yeasts for further studies.

Growth of microalgae and cyanobacteria consortium in a photobioreactor treating liquid anaerobic digestate from vegetable waste.

This research examines the biological treatment of undiluted vegetable waste digestate conducted in a bubble column photobioreactor. Initially, the bioreactor containing 3N-BBM medium was inoculated with Microglena sp., Tetradesmus obliquus, and Desmodesmus subspicatus mixture with a density of 1.

Effect of solar and artificial lighting on microalgae cultivation and treatment of liquid digestate.

A comparative study was carried out to assess the effect of two light sources on microalgae cultivation and the treatment of liquid digestate. The R1 photobioreactor operated with LED lightning allowed to achieve moderate nutrient removal rates whereas soluble COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) was reduced in 90%. After switching this reactor into sunlight, the removal rate of phosphates increased to 66%.

Treatment of Liquid Digestate by Green Algal Isolates from Artificial Eutrophic Pond.

The ability of aquatic microalgae to treat the liquid digestate obtained from the anaerobic digestion of plant waste was investigated. Microalgae were isolated from natural environment for a laboratory-scale cultivation and were then used to remove nutrients and organic contaminants from the liquid digestate. It was shown that the microalgae consortia (, sp.

Anaerobic co-digestion of kitchen waste with hyperthermophilically pretreated grass for biohydrogen and biomethane production.

Anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste with grass after hyperthermophilic pretreatment was performed in semi-continuously operated reactors. The greatest methane yield of 293 NmlCH/gVS (volatile solids) was reported for the mixture of both substrates at 55 °C with a solids retention time of 30 d and the corresponding organic lading rate of 1.72 kgVS/m/d.

Isolation and Use of spp. to Improve Anaerobic Thermophilic Digestion of Grass.

The isolation of microorganisms was performed from digestate from the process of the anaerobic digestion (AD) of grass after hyperthermophilic pretreatment. The bacterium that was isolated and identified was sp. Using the isolated bacteria, an AD process on fresh grass (GB) and pretreated grass (PGB) was carried out with 10% of its addition.

Volatile Organic Compounds and Physiological Parameters as Markers of Potato ( L.) Infection with Phytopathogens.

The feasibility of early disease detection in potato seeds storage monitoring of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and plant physiological markers was evaluated using 10 fungal and bacterial pathogens of potato in laboratory-scale experiments. Data analysis of HS-SPME-GC-MS revealed 130 compounds released from infected potatoes, including sesquiterpenes, dimethyl disulfide, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, 2,6,11-trimethyldodecane, benzothiazole, 3-octanol, and 2-butanol, which may have been associated with the activity of , and . In turn, acetic acid was detected in all infected samples.

Enzymatic Pretreatment of Byproducts from Soapstock Splitting and Glycerol Processing for Improvement of Biogas Production.

This study investigated acid splitting wastewater (ASW) and interphase (IF) from soapstock splitting, as well as matter organic non glycerol (MONG) from glycerol processing, as potential substrates for biogas production. Batch and semicontinuous thermophilic anaerobic digestion experiments were conducted, and the substrates were preliminary treated using commercial enzymes kindly delivered by Novozymes A/C. The greatest enhancement in the batch digestion efficiency was achieved when three preparations; EversaTransform, NovoShape, and Lecitase were applied in the hydrolysis stage, which resulted in the maximum methane yields of 937 NL/kg VS and 915 NL/kg VS obtained from IF and MONG, respectively.

Dark fermentative hydrogen production from hydrolyzed sugar beet pulp improved by nitrogen and phosphorus supplementation.

The effect of nitrogen and phosphorous addition on hydrogen production from hydrolyzed Sugar beet pulp (SBP) was investigated using (NH)PO, NHCl and KPO as the supplements. In batch tests, the maximal hydrogen production of 279 dm/kgVS was observed for KPO, which was added to SBP in a dose of 1 g/dm. In semi-continuous experiments, the greatest hydrogen production of 36 dm/kgVS was reported for the same supplement, and this value was twice higher than that of the control run.

Effect of hyperthermophilic pretreatment on methane and hydrogen production from garden waste under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions.

Anaerobic digestion of garden waste was investigated in a two-stage process consisting of hyperthermophilic pretreatment followed by mesophilic or thermophilic fermentation. The greatest digestion performance was achieved when the substrates were first treated at 70 °C for 3 days with no inoculation, and then mixed with inoculum (anaerobic sludge) and subjected to anaerobic digestion at 55 °C. Under such conditions, the maximum methane and hydrogen yields from grass were 517 NmlCH/kgVS and 52 NmlH/kgVS, whereas the corresponding values for leaves were 421 NmlCH/kgVS and 23 NmlH/kgVS, and these figure were far greater than the yields obtained in experiments with no hyperthermophilic stage.

Dark fermentative hydrogen production from hydrolyzed sugar beet pulp improved by iron addition.

This study evaluated the impact of three different iron compounds (FeO, FeSO, FeCl) on hydrogen production via mesophilic dark fermentation (DF) of hydrolyzed sugar beet pulp (SBP). In batch tests, the maximum hydrogen yield of over 200 dmH/kgVS was achieved with the addition of 0.1 gFeO/dm, which was twice greater than the control.

The use of sugar beet pulp stillage for co-digestion with sewage sludge and poultry manure.

The anaerobic mesophilic co-digestion of sugar beet pulp stillage with poultry manure and municipal sewage sludge was investigated in this study. The sugar beet pulp stillage (SBPS) mono-digestion failed owing to an accumulation of volatile fatty acids, leading to a pH value lower than 5.5.

Enzymatic Conversion of Sugar Beet Pulp: A Comparison of Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation and Separate Hydrolysis and Fermentation for Lactic Acid Production.

This study compares the efficiency of lactic acid production by separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) or simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of sugar beet pulp, a byproduct of industrial sugar production. In experiments, sugar beet pulp was hydrolyzed using five commercial enzymes. A series of shake flask fermentations were conducted using five selected strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB).

Food waste co-digestion with slaughterhouse waste and sewage sludge: Digestate conditioning and supernatant quality.

In this study, the anaerobic mesophilic co-digestion of food waste (FW) with municipal sewage sludge (MSS) and slaughterhouse waste (SHW) was undertaken in 3-dm laboratory reactors as well as in 50-dm reactors operated in semi-continuous conditions. The highest methane yield of around 0.63 m CH/kgVS was achieved for the mixture of FW and SHW treated in the laboratory digester operated at solids retention time (SRT) of 30 days, whereas the co-digestion of FW with MSS under similar operating conditions produced 0.

Odorous Compounds from Poultry Manure Induce DNA Damage, Nuclear Changes, and Decrease Cell Membrane Integrity in Chicken Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells.

Animal breeding and management of organic wastes pose a serious problem to the health of livestock and workers, as well as the nearby residents. The aim of the present study was to determine the mechanisms of toxicity of selected common odorous compounds from poultry manure, including ammonia, dimethylamine (DMA), trimethylamine (TMA), butyric acid, phenol, and indole. We measured their genotoxic and cytotoxic activity in the model chicken cell line (LMH), in vitro, by comet assay and lactate dehydrogenase assay, respectively.

Cytotoxicity of Odorous Compounds from Poultry Manure.

Long-term exposure and inhalation of odorous compounds from poultry manure can be harmful to farm workers and the surrounding residents as well as animals. The aim of the present study was to determine the cytotoxicity and IC values of common odorous compounds such as ammonium, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, butyric acid, phenol, and indole in the chick liver hepatocellular carcinoma cell line LMH (), in vitro, using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and PrestoBlue cytotoxicity assays. The cells were microscopically examined for any morphological changes post treatment.

Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation of Sugar Beet Pulp with Mixed Bacterial Cultures for Lactic Acid and Propylene Glycol Production.

Research into fermentative production of lactic acid from agricultural by-products has recently concentrated on the direct conversion of biomass, whereby pure sugars are replaced with inexpensive feedstock in the process of lactic acid production. In our studies, for the first time, the source of carbon used is sugar beet pulp, generated as a by-product of industrial sugar production. In this paper, we focus on the simultaneous saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass and fermentation of lactic acid, using mixed cultures with complementary assimilation profiles.

The use of Yucca schidigera and microbial preparation for poultry manure deodorization and hygienization.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of microbial preparation and Yucca schidigera in the removal of odorous volatile compounds from poultry manure as well as to evaluate antimicrobial properties of these amendments. It was demonstrated that the combined treatment of poultry manure (PM) with the microbial preparation and Y. schidigera extract can reduce the concentration of odorants by 58%-73%, depending on the tested compound.

Impact of a microbial-mineral biopreparation on microbial community and deodorization of manures.

The aim of this study was to determine the number of bacteria in poultry, cattle and swine manure in order to perform hygienization and deodorization using a microbial-mineral biopreparation. The highest number of bacteria was recorded in laying hens manure (5.1×10(10) cfu/g).

Co-digestion of sewage sludge and dewatered residues from enzymatic hydrolysis of sugar beet pulp.

Unlabelled: Sugar beet pulp residues (SBPR) from hydrolysis and dewatering of beet pulp were co-digested with municipal sewage sludge (MSS). The highest biogas yields of nearly 512 dm(3)/kg VSfed (volatile solids fed) were achieved for SBPR, treated both as the monosubstrate and as a mixture with MSS (1 : 1 by weight). Simultaneously, the highest methane production of 348 dm(3) CH4/kg VSfed was determined when the sewage sludge was co-digested with 35% SBPR.

Co-digestion of pig slaughterhouse waste with sewage sludge.

Slaughterhouse wastes (SHW) are potentially very attractive substrates for biogas production. However, mono-digestion of these wastes creates great technological problems associated with the inhibitory effects of ammonia and fatty acids on methanogens as well as with the foaming in the digesters. In the following study, the co-digestion of slaughterhouse wastes with sewage sludge (SS) was undertaken.

Co-digestion of the hydromechanically separated organic fraction of municipal solid waste with sewage sludge.

This study investigates the anaerobic digestion of the hydromechanically sorted organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (HS-OFMSW) co-digested with sewage sludge (SS). Eight laboratory-scale experiments were conducted under semi-continuous conditions at 15 and 20 days of solids retention time (SRT). The biogas yield from the waste reached 309 to 315 dm(3)/kgVS and 320 to 361 dm(3)/kgVS under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions, respectively.

Removal of odorous compounds from poultry manure by microorganisms on perlite--bentonite carrier.

Laboratory-scale experiments were conducted using poultry manure (PM) from a laying hen farm. Six strains of bacteria and one strain of yeast, selected on the base of the previous study, were investigated to evaluate their activity in the removal of odorous compounds from poultry manure: pure cultures of Bacillus subtilis subsp. spizizenii LOCK 0272, Bacillus megaterium LOCK 0963, Pseudomonas sp.

Anaerobic co-digestion of swine and poultry manure with municipal sewage sludge.

The anaerobic digestion of municipal sewage sludge (SS) with swine manure (SM) and poultry manure (PM) was undertaken. It was found that a mixture of sewage sludge with a 30% addition of swine manure gave around 400 dm(3)/kg VS of biogas, whereas the maximal biogas yield from ternary mixture (SS:SM:PM=70:20:10 by weight) was only 336 dm(3)/kg VS. An inhibition of methanogenesis by free ammonia was observed in poultry manure experiments.

Co-digestion of solid poultry manure with municipal sewage sludge.

The anaerobic digestion was investigated using mixed sewage sludge and poultry manure. The experiments showed that a 30% addition of poultry manure to the sewage sludge did not increase specific gas yield (376 dm(3)/kg VS versus 384 dm(3)/kg VS), however gas production rate as calculated per unit volume was 1.5 higher for sludge and manure mixture.