In Vivo Acquisition of Human Retinal Double-Pass Images during Simulated Intraocular Lens Implantation.

Background: The aim of the study was to capture images that form on the human retina after the simulated implantation of an intraocular lens (IOL). White light was used rather than the commonly used near-infrared light, which is unsuitable for the examination of diffractive IOLs. For this purpose, a special optical setup was developed to investigate the influence of the IOL design on two-dimensional retinal images .

[Chromatic Swept-Source Laser Scanning - Concept for a Cell-Resolving Confocal Laser Slit Lamp?].

Background: The in vivo characterisation of corneal epithelial tissue morphology is of considerable importance for diagnosis, disease prognosis, and the development of a treatment strategy for ocular surface diseases. In contrast to many alternative methods, in vivo corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) not only provides a macroscopic description of the corneal tissue but also allows its visualisation with cellular resolution. However, the translation of CCM from research to clinical practice is significantly limited by the complex and still largely manual operation of available CCM systems.

Taxane-Induced Neuropathy and Its Ocular Effects-A Longitudinal Follow-up Study in Breast Cancer Patients.

A common severe neurotoxic side effect of breast cancer (BC) therapy is chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) and intervention is highly needed for the detection, prevention, and treatment of CIPN at an early stage. As the eye is susceptible to neurotoxic stimuli, the present study aims to determine whether CIPN signs in paclitaxel-treated BC patients correlate with ocular changes by applying advanced non-invasive biophotonic in vivo imaging. Patients (n = 14, 10 controls) underwent monitoring sessions after diagnosis, during, and after therapy (T0-T3).

The Rostock Method for Qualitative and Quantitative Evaluation of Intraocular Lenses.

Background: For quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the imaging properties of IOLs, axial cross-sectional images can be obtained from the 3-dimensional light distribution by means of an optical bench, as is known from light sheet recordings in fluorescein baths. This paper presents a new image-processing algorithm to enhance the quality of generated axial cross-sectional images, and the two methods are then compared.

Material And Methods: The 3-dimensional point spread function of a diffractive trifocal IOL (AT LISA tri 839MP, Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Germany) was recorded on an optical bench developed in Rostock for different pupil diameters.

Assessment of dynamic corneal nerve changes using static landmarks by large-area confocal microscopy-a longitudinal proof-of-concept study.

Background: The purpose of the present proof-of-concept study was to use large-area confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) mosaics to determine the migration rates of nerve branching points in the human corneal subbasal nerve plexus (SNP).

Methods: Three healthy individuals were examined roughly weekly over a total period of six weeks by large-area confocal microscopy of the central cornea. An in-house developed prototype system for guided eye movement with an acquisition time of 40 s was used to image and generate large-area mosaics of the SNP.

In Vivo Monitoring of Corneal Dendritic Cells in the Subbasal Nerve Plexus during Trastuzumab and Paclitaxel Breast Cancer Therapy-A One-Year Follow-Up.

Paclitaxel and trastuzumab have been associated with adverse effects including chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) or ocular complications. In vivo confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) of the cornea could be suitable for assessing side effects since the cornea is susceptible to, i.e.

Method for the generation and visualization of cross-sectional images of three-dimensional point spread functions for rotationally symmetric intraocular lenses.

Cross-sectional images of three-dimensional point spread functions of intraocular lenses are used to study their image formation. To obtain those, light sheet-based methods are established. Due to the non-negligible thicknesses of the light sheets, the image quality of the cross-sectional images is constrained.

Real-time large-area imaging of the corneal subbasal nerve plexus.

The morphometric assessment of the corneal subbasal nerve plexus (SNP) by confocal microscopy holds great potential as a sensitive biomarker for various ocular and systemic conditions and diseases. Automated wide-field montages (or large-area mosaic images) of the SNP provide an opportunity to overcome the limited field of view of the available imaging systems without the need for manual, subjective image selection for morphometric characterization. However, current wide-field montaging solutions usually calculate the mosaic image after the examination session, without a reliable means for the clinician to predict or estimate the resulting mosaic image quality during the examination.

Burst of Corneal Dendritic Cells during Trastuzumab and Paclitaxel Treatment.

During breast cancer therapy, paclitaxel and trastuzumab are both associated with adverse effects such as chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy and other systemic side effects including ocular complications. Corneal nerves are considered part of the peripheral nervous system and can be imaged non-invasively by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) on the cellular level. Thus, CLSM imaging of structures of the corneal subbasal nerve plexus (SNP) such as sensory nerves or dendritic cells (DCs) can be a powerful tool for the assessment of corneal complications during cancer treatment.

Morphological characterization of the human corneal epithelium by confocal laser scanning microscopy.

Background: Regarding the growing interest and importance of understanding the cellular changes of the cornea in diseases, a quantitative cellular characterization of the epithelium is becoming increasingly important. Towards this, the latest research offers considerable improvements in imaging of the cornea by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). This study presents a pipeline to generate normative morphological data of epithelial cell layers of healthy human corneas.

In vivo Histology of the Cornea - from the "Rostock Cornea Module" to the "Rostock Electronic Slit Lamp" - a Clinical "Proof of Concept" Study.

Introduction: Confocal in vivo microscopy is an established method in ophthalmology research. As it requires contact coupling and calibration of the instruments is suboptimal, this method has been only rarely used in clinical routine work. As a result of close collaboration between physicists, information scientists and ophthalmologists, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) of the eye has been developed in recent years and a prototype can now be used in patients.

Multiwavelength confocal laser scanning microscopy of the cornea.

Confocal reflectance microscopy has demonstrated the ability to produce images of corneal tissue with sufficient cellular resolution to diagnose a broad range of corneal conditions. To investigate the spectral behavior of corneal reflectance imaging, a modified laser ophthalmoscope was used. Imaging was performed on a human cornea as well as on porcine and lamb corneae.

[Digital Image Processing and Deep Neural Networks in Ophthalmology - Current Trends].

The use of deep neural networks ("deep learning") creates new possibilities in digital image processing. This approach has been widely applied and successfully used for the evaluation of image data in ophthalmology. In this article, the methodological approach of deep learning is examined and compared to the classical approach for digital image processing.

corneal confocal microscopy aided by optical coherence tomography.

corneal confocal microscopy and its operability in scientific as well as in clinical applications is often impaired by the lack of information on imaging plane position and orientation inside the cornea during patient's examination. To overcome this hurdle, we have developed a novel corneal imaging system based on a commercial scanning device and a modified Rostock Cornea Module. The presented preliminary system produces images by confocal laser scanning microscopy and sagittal cross-section images by optical coherence tomography simultaneously.

[Pre-clinical Evaluation of Intraocular Lenses through Simulated Implantation].

The development of new optical designs for intraocular lenses (IOL) is a major challenge for lens manufacturers, as postoperative patient satisfaction is difficult to assess a priori with new concepts. Until now, invasive clinical investigations were carried out for this purpose. In contrast, the simulated implantation of IOLs allows a risk-free determination of the achievable visual performance and a subjective evaluation of the visual impression of new optical concepts.

Cellular 3D imaging of the cornea by confocal laser scanning microscopy.

We present an confocal laser scanning microscopy based method for large 3D reconstruction of the cornea on a cellular level with cropped volume sizes up to 266 x 286 x 396 µm. The microscope objective used is equipped with a piezo actuator for automated, fast and precise closed-loop focal plane control. Furthermore, we present a novel concave surface contact cap, which significantly reduces eye movements by up to 87%, hence increasing the overlapping image area of the whole stack.

3D confocal laser-scanning microscopy for large-area imaging of the corneal subbasal nerve plexus.

The capability of corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) to acquire high-resolution in vivo images of the densely innervated human cornea has gained considerable interest in using this non-invasive technique as an objective diagnostic tool for staging peripheral neuropathies. Morphological alterations of the corneal subbasal nerve plexus (SNP) assessed by CCM have been shown to correlate well with the progression of neuropathic diseases and even predict future-incident neuropathy. Since the field of view of single CCM images is insufficient for reliable characterisation of nerve morphology, several image mosaicking techniques have been developed to facilitate the assessment of the SNP in large-area visualisations.

[Effect of the Age-Related Corneal Elasticity on Applanation Tonometry].

Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is accepted to be one important criterion for glaucoma and is usually measured by applanation or rebound tonometry. The individual uncertainty due to central cornea thickness (CCT) is thereby corrected, while the error induced by age-related elastic modulus (EM) change of the cornea is ignored. To investigate its influence on IOP measurement, we derive a model including also the elastic modulus.