Neurotoxicity mediated by oxidative stress caused by titanium dioxide nanoparticles in human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells.

Background: Titanium is widely used in biomedicine. Due to biotribocorrosion, titanium dioxide (TiO) nanoparticles (NPs) can be released from the titanium implant surface, enter the systemic circulation, and migrate to various organs and tissues including the brain. A previous study showed that 5 nm TiO NPs reached the highest concentration in the brain.