Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances fate and transport at a wastewater treatment plant with a collocated sewage sludge incinerator.

This study aims to understand the fate and transport of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and inorganic fluoride (IF) at an undisclosed municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) operating a sewage sludge incinerator (SSI). A robust statistical analysis characterized concentrations and mass flows at all WWTP and SSI primary influents/effluents, including thermal-treatment derived airborne emissions. WWTP-level net mass flows (NMFs) of total PFAS were not statistically different from zero.

Concentration profiles of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in major sources to the environment.

A review of published literature was conducted to present the concentrations and composition profiles of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from significant sources to the environment. The major sources of PFAS to the environment are categorized under direct and indirect sources. The characteristic compounds and concentrations are summarized as found from direct sources such as manufacturing facilities, aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) applications, metal coating operations, and textile and paper coating operations; and from indirect sources such as landfills and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs).

Impact of South Asian brick kiln emission mitigation strategies on select pollutants and near-term Arctic temperature responses.

The brick kiln industrial sector in South Asia accounts for large amounts of short-lived climate forcer (SLCF) emissions, namely black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC), and sulfur dioxide (SO; the precursor to atmospheric sulfate [SO]). These SLCFs are air pollutants and have important impacts on both human health and the Arctic, a region currently experiencing more than double the rate of warming relative to the global average. Using previously derived Arctic equilibrium temperature response factors, we estimate the contribution to Arctic temperature impacts from previously reported emissions of BC, OC, and SO from four prevalent South Asian brick kiln types (Bull's Trench [BTK], Down Draught [DDK], Vertical Shaft [VSBK], and Zig-zag).

Can Pharmacokinetic Studies Assess the Pulmonary Fate of Dry Powder Inhaler Formulations of Fluticasone Propionate?

In the context of streamlining generic approval, this study assessed whether pharmacokinetics (PK) could elucidate the pulmonary fate of orally inhaled drug products (OIDPs). Three fluticasone propionate (FP) dry powder inhaler (DPI) formulations (A-4.5, B-3.

Estimating Arctic Temperature Impacts from Select European Residential Heating Appliances and Mitigation Strategies.

The use of residential heating devices is a key source of black carbon and other short-lived climate forcer emissions in Arctic and other high latitude regions, with important impacts to the Arctic climate and human health. The types of combustion technologies and fuels used varies by region, which impacts the emission profiles of these pollutants and thus the magnitude of Arctic climate responses. Using emission inventory data from 14 European countries, we derive wood-fueled residential heating emissions of black carbon, organic carbon, and sulfate from six appliance types in 2016.

Attachment relationships in infant twins: the effect of co-twin presence during separation from mother.

In this study the roles of the mother and the co-twin in inhibiting emotional arousal and reducing manifest distress of a twin who had been isolated in a modified strange situation were compared. The subjects were 15 children, each a member of a twin pair. The subjects were placed in a playroom under three conditions in the following order: (a) mother and twins present; (b) twins together, mother absent; (c) subject isolated from both co-twin and mother.

Neonatal sex and birth-order effects on behaviors of mothers and temporary caretakers during bottle-feeding.

This study examined the effects of neonatal sex and birth order on maternal caretaking patterns for pre-attachment behaviors shown by mothers and instrumental behaviors seen in both mothers and temporary caretakers. Observational category scores were obtained for mothers of 20 newborn infants and for temporary caretakers observed in a 15 min bottle-feeding situation. A repeated measures analysis of variance design was used to partition categories into caretaking classifications and to evaluate the effects of infant sex and birth order.

Early social deprivation and the ontogeny of unrestricted social behavior in the laboratory rat.

The unrestricted adult social and nonsocial behavior of albino rats isolated from 21 to 70 days of age was compared with the behavior of rats receiving normal social experience. Isolated animals exhibited aberrant self-manipulative behaviors during the period of isolation, and both isolate-reared males and females were more aggressive than their group-reared counterparts. The hypothesis that females are buffered against the effects of social isolation received little support.

The effects of the removal of dominant animals in a small group of Macaca fascicularis.

Six juvenile Macaca fascicularis relatively unfamiliar with one another were placed together in a large play apparatus. The Boelkins' water test was used to establish dominance. After one hour of social interaction the animals formed a stable hierarchy.

A phylogenetic perspective for social behavior in primates.

Three selected groups of studies of primate social behavior and development are discussed. In the first group of studies the social development of rhesus monkeys reared in different environments is considered. Rhesus show remarkable similarity in behavior in diverse environments, demonstrating a phylogenetic set to develop species-typical behavioral repertoires.