Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Analysis of Alfaxalone Administered as a Bolus Intravenous Injection of Phaxan in a Phase 1 Randomized Trial.

Background: Previous formulations of alfaxalone have shown it to be a fast-acting intravenous anesthetic with high therapeutic index. Alfaxalone has been reformulated for human use as Phaxan, an aqueous solution of 10 mg/mL of alfaxalone and 13% betadex. This study assessed the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) characteristics of alfaxalone given as a bolus intravenous injection of this formulation to human male volunteers.

The association between preinduction arterial blood pressure and postoperative cardiovascular, renal, and neurologic morbidity, and in-hospital mortality in elective noncardiac surgery: an observational study.

Background: The association between preinduction blood pressure (BP) and postoperative outcomes after noncardiac surgery is poorly understood. Whether this association depends on the presence of risk factors for poor cardiovascular outcomes remains unclear. Accordingly, we evaluated the association between preinduction BP and its different components; isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) and wide pulse pressure (WPP), and postoperative complications in patients with and without revised cardiac risk index (RCRI) components.

Challenges of bringing a new sedative to market!

Purpose Of Review: The current review examines the success and failures of the development of new hypnotic compounds for the human market. One of the important aspects is that one of the key present agents, propofol, is considered by many anaesthesiologists as 'the ideal'. However, all drugs have adverse or side-effects.

Length of stay and mortality associated with healthcare-associated urinary tract infections: a multi-state model.

Background: The emergence of antimicrobial resistance is of particular concern with respect to urinary tract infections, since the majority of causative agents are Gram-negative bacteria. Healthcare-associated urinary tract infections (HAUTIs) are frequently associated with instrumentation of the urinary tract, specifically with indwelling catheters.

Aim: To evaluate the current incidence, mortality, and length of hospital stay associated with HAUTIs.

Effect of intramuscular methadone on pharmacokinetic data and thermal and mechanical nociceptive thresholds in the cat.

Objectives The aim of the study was to assess simultaneous pharmacokinetics and thermal and mechanical antinociception after intramuscular methadone (0.6 mg/kg) in 10 cats. Methods Thermal and mechanical threshold (TT and MT, respectively) testing and blood collection were conducted at baseline and up to 24 h after administration.

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of high doses of buprenorphine delivered via high-concentration formulations in cats.

Objectives: To evaluate the potential benefits of high-dose buprenorphine formulations for analgesia in cats, serial and crossover studies were undertaken to investigate their pharmacokinetics and thermal antinociceptive effects.

Methods: Twelve healthy adult domestic shorthair cats (6.0 ± 1.

Comparison of tiletamine and zolazepam pharmacokinetics in tigers (Panthera tigris) and leopards (Panthera pardus): do species differences account for adverse effects in tigers?

Serious post-operative neurological complications of unknown aetiology are reported in tigers after immobilisation using tiletamine and zolazepam. These complications may arise from the persistent effects of tiletamine or active metabolites of tiletamine or zolazepam. Concentrations of tiletamine, zolazepam and some metabolites were measured using high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in plasma from captive tigers (n = 8) and leopards (n = 9; an unaffected species, for comparison) during anaesthesia for routine clinical procedures.

Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling of intravenous buprenorphine in conscious horses.

Objective: Describe the pharmacokinetics of buprenorphine and norbuprenorphine in horses and to relate the plasma buprenorphine concentration to the pharmacodynamic effects.

Study Design: Single phase non-blinded study.

Animals: Six dedicated research horses, aged 3-10 years and weighing 480-515 kg.

Neuraxial block, death and serious cardiovascular morbidity in the POISE trial.

Background: This post hoc analysis aimed to determine whether neuraxial block was associated with a composite of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI) and non-fatal cardiac arrest within 30 days of randomization in POISE trial patients.

Methods: A total of 8351 non-cardiac surgical patients at high risk of cardiovascular complications were randomized to β-blocker or placebo. Neuraxial block was defined as spinal, lumbar or thoracic epidural anaesthesia.

Nitrous oxide and serious morbidity and mortality in the POISE trial.

Background: In this post hoc subanalysis of the Perioperative Ischemic Evaluation (POISE) trial, we sought to determine whether nitrous oxide was associated with the primary composite outcome of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), and nonfatal cardiac arrest within 30 days of randomization.

Methods: The POISE trial of perioperative β-blockade was undertaken in 8351 patients. Nitrous oxide anesthesia was defined as the coadministration of nitrous oxide in patients receiving general anesthesia, with or without additional neuraxial blockade or peripheral nerve blockade.

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modelling of intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous buprenorphine in conscious cats.

Objective: To describe simultaneous pharmacokinetics (PK) and thermal antinociception after intravenous (i.v.), intramuscular (i.

Comparative molecular field analysis to derive pharmacophore maps for disposition parameters of intravenous anaesthetic agents.

Background: The present study examines the molecular basis of the disposition kinetics for i.v. hypnotic agents using comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA).