Development of a national database for dietary glycemic index and load for nutritional epidemiologic studies in the United States.

Background: The quality of carbohydrate intake, as measured by the glycemic index (GI), has not been evaluated nationally over the past 2 decades in the United States.

Objectives: We aimed to develop a comprehensive and nationally representative dietary GI and glycemic load (GL) database from 1999 to 2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and to examine GI and GL time trends and subpopulation differences.

Methods: We used an artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled model to match GI values from 2 GI databases to food codes from United States Department of Agriculture, which were manually validated.