Five-Year Outcomes of a School-Based Personality-Focused Prevention Program on Adolescent Substance Use Disorder: A Cluster Randomized Trial.

Objective: Rates of substance use disorders (SUDs) remain significantly above national targets for health promotion and disease prevention in Canada and the United States. This study investigated the 5-year SUD outcomes following a selective drug and alcohol prevention program targeting personality risk factors for adolescent substance misuse.

Methods: The Co-Venture trial is a cluster randomized trial involving 31 high schools in the greater Montreal area that agreed to conduct annual health behavior surveys for 5 years on the entire 7th grade cohort of assenting students enrolled at the school in 2012 or 2013.

A longitudinal mediation study of peer victimization and resting-state functional connectivity as predictors of development of adolescent psychopathology.

Background: Peer victimization (PV) is associated with alterations in neural responses in regions subserving emotional regulatory processes and with increased risk of psychopathology during adolescence. The present study examined the longitudinal mediating effects of resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) between adolescent PV and subsequent internalizing (depression and anxiety), and externalizing (conduct and hyperactivity/inattention) symptoms.

Methods: 151 adolescents (baseline mean age 12-14; 54% males) were assessed and imaged three times during a five-year period.

Sleep as a Mediator Between Cannabis Use and Psychosis Vulnerability: A Longitudinal Cohort Study.

Objectives: Increasing evidence implicates cannabis consumption as a key risk factor in the development of psychosis, but the mechanisms underpinning this relationship remain understudied. This study proposes to determine whether sleep disruption acts as a mediator of the cannabis-to-psychosis relationship.

Study Design: This longitudinal study assessed measures of cannabis use frequency, sleep quality (SQ), and psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) were collected using self-reported questionnaires.

Cross-lagged Relationships Between Depressive Symptoms and Altered Default Mode Network Connectivity Over the Course of Adolescence.

Background: Although the peak onset of depressive symptoms occurs during adolescence, very few studies have directly examined depression-related changes in resting-state (RS) default mode network activity during adolescence, controlling for potential neural markers of risk.

Methods: This study used data from a longitudinal adolescent cohort to investigate age-specific, persistent (i.e.

Endocannabinoid Gene × Gene Interaction Association to Alcohol Use Disorder in Two Adolescent Cohorts.

Genetic markers of the endocannabinoid system have been linked to a variety of addiction-related behaviors that extend beyond cannabis use. In the current study we investigate the relationship between endocannabinoid (eCB) genetic markers and alcohol use disorder (AUD) in European adolescents (14-18 years old) followed in the IMAGEN study ( = 2,051) and explore replication in a cohort of North American adolescents from Canadian Saguenay Youth Study (SYS) ( = 772). Case-control status is represented by a score of more than 7 on the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT).

Adolescent Resting-State Brain Networks and Unique Variability of Conduct Problems Within the Externalizing Dimension.

The externalizing psychopathological dimension is associated with alterations in adolescents' functional brain connectivity. The current study aims to identify the functional correlates of the unique variability in conduct problems within the context of the broad externalizing dimension. The broad externalizing dimension and unique variability in conduct problems were estimated using a bifactor model.