Ovarian stimulation 2.0.

Ovarian stimulation (OS) has been the single most effective measure ever taken for enhancing assisted reproductive technology outcomes. In the past decade, we have seen a flurry of various new protocols used for OS in assisted reproductive technology In light of the important differences that characterize these new approaches for OS, we felt it was timely to review the relative merits of each and every new protocol.

Programming the onset of ovarian stimulation: from early follicular phase start to oral contraceptive pill, to luteal phase E2, Duostim, and random start oral contraceptive protocols.

Ovarian stimulation has been the single most efficient measure ever taken in assisted reproductive technology for improving outcomes by harvesting multiple oocytes and ultimately, embryos. Today, ovarian stimulation protocols consist of administrating exogenous gonadotropins to override the natural mechanisms that control the ovulatory quota to one in humans. For practicality issues, there have been numerous attempts to control, or "program," when ovarian stimulation is initiated to improve functionality and in turn efficacy for assisted reproductive technology programs.

Clinical Management of Infertility Associated with Endometriosis.

Objective: This study aimed to review recent data that affected the clinical management of infertility associated with endometriosis.

Data Sources: We completed a PubMed review of all articles that included the following keywords: endometriosis, infertility, IVF, and ART.

Study Selection: A study was selected based on the pertinence of the topic addressed in relation to the study's set objectives.

Fertility preservation counseling: old indications, novel perspectives.

Fertility preservation for cancer has existed for three decades. The advent of highly effective oocyte cryopreservation by vitrification has paved the way for social fertility preservation. The options are discussed.

Training in reproductive endocrinology and infertility and assisted reproductive technologies: options and worldwide needs.

Standardized, high-quality training in reproductive endocrinology, infertility, and assisted reproductive technologies (REI-ART) faces challenges owing to the high-tech nature of ART and the important country-to-country differences in clinical practice and regulations overseeing training. Moreover, while the training capacity of the classical by-fellowship training platforms is shrinking, an increasing demand for REI-ART specialists is coming from emerging countries. To meet this expanding need for REI-ART specialists, we propose a novel by-network model linking a reference training center to satellite practical training sites.