The Evolution of Trauma in Los Angeles County Over More Than a Decade.

Objective: Explore trends in trauma incidence and mortality rates in Los Angeles County.

Design: Data for patients treated at Los Angeles County trauma centers from 2000 to 2011 were analyzed for this study. Age-adjusted incidence and mortality rates were calculated by gender, race, injury type, injury severity, and mechanism of injury.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel pyrrolidine acid analogs as potent dual PPARα/γ agonists.

The design, synthesis and structure-activity relationships of a novel series of 3,4-disubstituted pyrrolidine acid analogs as PPAR ligands is outlined. In both the 1,3- and 1,4-oxybenzyl pyrrolidine acid series, the preferred stereochemistry was shown to be the cis-3R,4S isomer, as exemplified by the potent dual PPARα/γ agonists 3k and 4i. The N-4-trifluoromethyl-pyrimidinyl pyrrolidine acid analog 4i was efficacious in lowering fasting glucose and triglyceride levels in diabetic db/db mice.

Augmented reality visualization for guidance in neurovascular surgery.

In neurovascular surgery, and in particular surgery for arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), the surgeon maps pre-operative images to the patient on the operating table to aid in vessel localization and resection. This type of spatial mapping is not trivial, is time consuming, and may be prone to error. Using augmented reality (AR) we can register the microscope/camera image of the patient to pre-operative data in order to help the surgeon better understand the topology and locations of vessels that lie below the visible surface of the cortex.