No Growth Disturbance After Trochleoplasty for Recurrent Patellar Dislocation in Adolescents With Open Growth Plates.

Background: Trochlear dysplasia is the most important risk factor for patellofemoral instability among adolescents; therefore, trochleoplasty to reshape the trochlear groove is the treatment of choice for patients with high-grade trochlear dysplasia. However, in the presence of open growth plates, there is a potential risk of injury to the distal femoral growth plate and subsequent growth disturbance. As such, most authors do not recommend trochleoplasty for skeletally immature patients.

Anatomic reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament in children and adolescents using a pedicled quadriceps tendon graft shows favourable results at a minimum of 2-year follow-up.

Purpose: In adults, reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) has shown good results. Treatment for recurrent patellar instability in children and adolescents with open growth plates, however, requires alternative MPFL reconstruction techniques. This study presents the outcomes of a minimally invasive technique for anatomic reconstruction of the MPFL in children using a pedicled superficial quadriceps tendon graft, hardware-free patellar graft attachment, and anatomic femoral fixation that spares the distal femoral physis.

Combined supracondylar femoral derotation osteotomy and patellofemoral ligament reconstruction for recurrent patellar dislocation and severe femoral anteversion syndrome: surgical technique and clinical outcome.

Purpose: Severly increased femoral anteversion is an important risk factor for patellofemoral instability. Recurrent dislocations cause a traumatic disruption of the medial patellofemoral ligament. Therefore a procedure that combines femoral derotation osteotomy and patellofemoral ligament reconstruction should be considered for patients with severely increased femoral anteversion.

Anatomic reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament in children and adolescents using a pedicled quadriceps tendon graft.

Reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) has recently become a popular procedure for children and adolescents with patellofemoral instability. Nevertheless, high complication rates of up to 26% have been reported. The traditionally used technique requires patellar bone tunnels that may place the proportionately smaller patella at higher risk of fracture.

Reconstruction of the Medial Patellofemoral Ligament: Clinical Outcomes and Return to Sports.

Background: Recent studies have shown that medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction using a standardized technique provides significant improvements in all outcome scoring systems, with low complication rates and good patient satisfaction. Although numerous studies have assessed clinical results, there is little published literature investigating return to sporting activities after reconstruction of the MPFL.

Purpose: To demonstrate postoperative outcomes and the return-to-sports rate a minimum of 2 years after isolated MPFL reconstruction in a young patient cohort.

Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.

Background: Measuring disease and injury burden in populations requires a composite metric that captures both premature mortality and the prevalence and severity of ill-health. The 1990 Global Burden of Disease study proposed disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) to measure disease burden. No comprehensive update of disease burden worldwide incorporating a systematic reassessment of disease and injury-specific epidemiology has been done since the 1990 study.

Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.

Background: Non-fatal health outcomes from diseases and injuries are a crucial consideration in the promotion and monitoring of individual and population health. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) studies done in 1990 and 2000 have been the only studies to quantify non-fatal health outcomes across an exhaustive set of disorders at the global and regional level. Neither effort quantified uncertainty in prevalence or years lived with disability (YLDs).

Osteoarthritis.

Internationally, prevalence estimates for osteoarthritis show wide variability depending on the age and sex of the studied population, the method of case identification used, and the specificity of joint sites included. Currently, there is no generally agreed "gold standard" for identifying cases of osteoarthritis in epidemiologic studies. Despite this lack of standardisation, it is consistently demonstrated in population-based studies, worldwide, that osteoarthritis prevalence is positively associated with increasing age and that the greatest disease burden is attributable to involvement of the hip or knee joints.